Day N4 - 5 - Grammar Practice

Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 5

After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-5.

These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns, and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.

📘 Haven't studied the shadowing lesson yet? Read and practice the original text here.

Grammar practiced:
✓ Volitional form
✓ V[volitional form]と思っています
✓ ～たら～
✓ V[た-form]ら～いいですか
✓ V[dictionary form]つもりです
✓ V[dictionary form]予定です
✓ も
✓ V[ます-form]やすいです
✓ V[ます-form]にくいです

1. Understand

Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: この椅子は座りにくいです。

B: この階段は上りにくいです。

C: この料理は作るにくいです。

D: この店は入りにくいです。

Answer
C
Correct Sentence: この料理は作りにくいです。
Explanation: The suffix 〜にくい is attached to the verb’s ます-stem to express that something is difficult to do. For verbs ending in 〜る, such as 作る, the ます-stem is formed by replacing る with り, giving 作り; therefore, the correct form is 作りにくい, not 作るにくい.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 明日、旅行予定です。

B: 今度の土曜日は発表会の予定です。

C: 来週は卒業式の予定です。

D: 今夜は飲み会の予定です。

Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 明日は旅行の予定です。
Explanation: The expression N の予定です is used to indicate a scheduled or planned event, so a noun such as 旅行 needs の before 予定 in this pattern.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 今夜、早く寝ます予定です。

B: 明日、友達と映画を見る予定です。

C: 来週、大阪へ出張する予定です。

D: 午後、資料を送る予定です。

Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 今夜、早く寝る予定です。
Explanation: Before 予定です, verbs normally appear in the plain form rather than the 〜ます form. Therefore, 寝る予定です is grammatical, while 寝ます予定です is not.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 駅前の新しい店へ行こうと思っています。

B: 来週、車を洗おうと思っています。

C: 今夜、映画を見ろうと思っています。

D: 今、何を買おうと思っていますか。

Answer
C
Correct Sentence: 今夜、映画を見ようと思っています。
Explanation: The expression 〜ようと思っています is used to express an intention or plan. 見る is a る-verb (Group 2 verb), so to form its volitional form, remove る and add よう, giving 見よう.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: この店では、カード（ ）払えます。

Choices

A: にも

B: でも

C: へも

D: とも

Answer
B
Explanation: 「〜でも」 can indicate an alternative means or method, so 「カードでも払えます」 means that payment can be made by card as well. 「にも」 would require a different grammatical relationship, such as a destination or target, and does not work with 払えます in this meaning. 「へも」 indicates direction or destination, while 「とも」 is not used to express a means of payment.

2: このアプリはボタンが大きくて、操作も簡単なので、（ ）。

Choices

A: 使うやすいです

B: 使いやすいです

C: 使いますやすいです

D: 使いにくいです

Answer
B
Explanation: The suffix 「〜やすい」 is attached to the verb stem to express that something is easy to do, so 使う becomes 使いやすい. 「〜にくい」 is formed in the same way and means that something is difficult to do, so 使いにくい is also grammatically correct. The large buttons strongly suggest that the app is easy to use, making B the intended answer, while A and C are grammatically incorrect because the verb stem is required before やすい.

3: すみません、駅へはどう（ ）いいですか。

Choices

A: 行ったら

B: 行くなら

C: 行くとき

D: 行くと

Answer
A
Explanation: 「〜たらいいですか」 is used when asking for advice or instructions about what one should do, and 「どう行ったらいいですか」 naturally asks how to get to a destination. 「行くなら」 can express a conditional meaning such as “if you are going,” but it does not form a natural question with どう〜いいですか here. 「行くとき」 means “when going,” and 「行くと」 expresses a conditional or automatic result, so neither fits the advice pattern.

4: この漢字の読み方を、誰に（ ）いいですか。

Choices

A: 聞いたら

B: 聞くつもりです

C: 聞くと

D: 聞くなら

Answer
A
Explanation: 「〜たらいいですか」 is used to ask for advice about what someone should do, and 「誰に聞いたらいいですか」 specifically asks which person would be appropriate to ask. 「聞くつもりです」 expresses intention and does not fit the question pattern, while 「聞くと」 and 「聞くなら」 introduce conditional meanings that do not work with 「誰に」 in this sentence.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: このペンは書くやすいです。

Answer
このペンは書きやすいです。
Explanation: 〜やすい attaches to the verb stem, not the dictionary form. Therefore, 書く changes to its stem 書き before adding やすい.

2: 週末は友達とサッカーをしろうと思います。

Answer
週末は友達とサッカーをしようと思います。
Explanation: する is a Group 3 (irregular) verb, so it has its own special volitional form: しよう. It does not follow the regular pattern used to form the volitional form of other verbs.

3: 今夜は早く寝ますつもりです。

Answer
今夜は早く寝るつもりです。
Explanation: つもりです expresses an intention or plan and must follow the dictionary form of a verb when referring to something you intend to do.

2. Practice

Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 映画を見ろう。

B: 今度、みんなでハイキングに行こう。

C: 何を食べようか。

D: 日曜日に海で泳ごう。

Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 映画を見よう。
Explanation: The volitional form of 見る is 見よう, not 見ろう. For ichidan verbs ending in る, remove る and add よう to form the volitional: 見る → 見よう. The other choices correctly use the volitional form to express a suggestion or intention.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 今日は図書館で勉強しよう。

B: 今度、一緒に映画を見よう。

C: 来週、みんなでお花見をしよう。

D: 夏休みに旅行しろう。

Answer
D
Correct Sentence: 夏休みに旅行しよう。
Explanation: The volitional form of する is しよう, so 旅行する becomes 旅行しよう.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 明日、早く起きるつもりです。

B: 今度、車を買うつもりです。

C: 来年、この大学を受けるつもりです。

D: 日曜日、友達と会いますつもりです。

Answer
D
Correct Sentence: 日曜日、友達と会うつもりです。
Explanation: When expressing an intention or plan with つもりです, use the verb’s plain.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: この後、どうするつもりですか。

B: 来月、国へ帰るつもりです。

C: 来年、大学を受けるつもりですか。

D: 週末、何をするのつもりですか。

Answer
D
Correct Sentence: 週末、何をするつもりですか。
Explanation: When つもりです expresses an intention or plan, it directly follows the plain non-past form of a verb, so するつもりです is correct.

5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 妹は大学に入ろうつもりです。

B: 今度の日曜日、友達とハイキングに行くつもりです。

C: 明日、朝ごはんを食べるつもりです。

D: 今日は早く寝るつもりです。

Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 妹は大学に入るつもりです。
Explanation: つもりです is used with the plain non-past form of a verb to express an intention or plan.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: この本は読むやすいです。

Answer
この本は読みやすいです。
Explanation: 「読む」 cannot be directly combined with 「やすい」 in this form. When 「やすい」 is attached to a verb to express that something is easy to do, the verb must be changed to its ます-stem (the form before ます): 読む → 読みます → 読み + やすい → 読みやすい.

2: 日曜日は家もでゆっくり休みます。

Answer
日曜日は家でもゆっくり休みます。
Explanation: 「で」 marks the place where an action takes place, so 家で means “at home.” When 「も」 is added to 「で」 to express “also/even at home,” the particles combine as でも, not もで.

3: この漢字は覚えるにくいです。

Answer
この漢字は覚えにくいです。
Explanation: When 「にくい」 is attached to a verb to mean “difficult to do,” the verb must be changed to its ます-stem before adding 「にくい」.

4: 今夜は映画な予定です。

Answer
今夜は映画の予定です。
Explanation: 「予定」 can be modified by a noun using 「の」, so a noun such as 映画 should be followed by の rather than な: 映画の予定. The particle 「な」 is used when a な-adjective modifies a noun, such as 静かな予定, but 映画 is a noun, not a な-adjective.

5: 来月、車を買いますつもりです。

Answer
来月、車を買うつもりです。
Explanation: 「つもりです」 is used to express an intention or plan, and it is normally preceded by the plain form of a verb. Therefore, 買います changes to the plain form 買う before つもりです.

✏️ Rewrite

Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.

1: パーティーのために何を準備しますか。

Rewrite the sentence using: Interrogative V [た-form] ら… いいですか。

Answer
パーティーのために何を準備したらいいですか。
Explanation: The original sentence asks directly what the person will prepare, while the rewritten sentence keeps the same basic idea of asking about what to prepare for the party but changes the nuance to asking what would be appropriate or advisable to prepare. The pattern Interrogative + Vた-form + らいいですか is used to ask for advice about what one should do.

2: 一緒に昼ごはんを食べましょう。

Rewrite the sentence using: 意向形

Answer
一緒に昼ごはんを食べよう。
Explanation: The idea of inviting someone to have lunch together is maintained, but the level of formality changes. 食べましょう is the polite volitional form, while 食べよう is the plain/casual volitional form of 食べる, commonly used with friends, family, or people with whom you have a casual relationship.

3: 今夜は早く寝ます。

Rewrite the sentence using: V dictionary form つもりです。

Answer
今夜は早く寝るつもりです。
Explanation: The original idea is maintained, but the rewritten sentence makes the speaker’s intention more explicit. The pattern V dictionary form + つもりです is used to express a plan or intention to do something, so 寝る is used in its dictionary form before つもりです.

4: この靴は歩くのが大変です。

Rewrite the sentence using: V [ます-form] にくいです。

Answer
この靴は歩きにくいです。
Explanation: The main idea is maintained, but the rewritten sentence expresses the difficulty more specifically as something being hard to do. The pattern Vます-stem + にくいです means that an action is difficult to perform; 歩く → 歩き + にくいです describes these shoes as making walking difficult.

5: 新しい仕事に早く慣れます。

Rewrite the sentence using: V volitional form と 思っています。

Answer
新しい仕事に早く慣れようと思っています。
Explanation: The basic idea is maintained, but the rewritten sentence makes the speaker’s intention explicit rather than simply stating what will happen. The pattern V volitional form + と思っています is used to express an intention or plan that the speaker has been thinking about; 慣れる → 慣れよう is the volitional form.

3. Review

Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 仕事が終わったら、飲みに行こう。

B: もう遅いから、帰ろう。

C: ちょっと休みよう。

D: 明日、私の家へ遊びに来よう。

Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ちょっと休もう。
Explanation: The volitional form of a verb expresses the idea of “let’s do...” or “shall we...”. For 休む, the correct volitional form is 休もう, not 休みよう. The form ～よう is used with ichidan verbs (e.g., 食べる → 食べよう), while godan verbs such as 休む form the volitional by changing the final う sound to the お row and adding う (休む → 休もう).

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 資料はどこに置いたらいいですか。

B: この電車に乗ったらいいですか。

C: この漢字はどう読んだらいいですか。

D: 窓を開けったらいいですか。

Answer
D
Correct Sentence: 窓を開けたらいいですか。
Explanation: The pattern ～たらいいですか is used to ask for advice or instructions about what one should do, and the verb before たら must be in the past form.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 安かったら、買います。

B: 明日雨が降ったら、家にいます。

C: 時間がなかったら、映画を見ません。

D: 明日、暇があるたら、遊びに行きます。

Answer
D
Correct Sentence: 明日、暇があったら、遊びに行きます。
Explanation: The ～たら conditional is formed by using the past form of the verb or adjective followed by ら. With ある, the past form is あった.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 昨日、友達と会いました。先生にも会いました。

B: 明日、先生に会います。友達もに会います。

C: 朝ごはんにパンを食べました。ご飯も食べました。

D: 週末、買い物に行きます。映画にも行きます。

Answer
B
Correct Sentence: 明日、先生に会います。友達にも会います。
Explanation: The particle も means “also/too” and replaces the particle that would normally follow the noun. When に is needed with a verb such as 会う, も is added after に, giving にも.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: 展覧会は来月から（ ）。

Choices

A: 始まる予定です

B: 始まるつもりです

C: 始まったら

D: 始まりやすいです

Answer
A
Explanation: 予定です is used to describe a planned or scheduled event, so 始まる予定です naturally expresses that the exhibition is scheduled to begin next month. つもりです is generally used for a person’s intention or decision, so it is not appropriate for describing an exhibition’s schedule. 始まったら means “if/when it starts” and cannot complete this sentence, while 始まりやすいです means “is easy/likely to start,” which does not fit the intended meaning.

2: この道は狭くて、運転（ ）ので、気をつけてください。

Choices

A: しやすいです

B: しにくいです

C: しますにくいです

D: するにくいです

Answer
B
Explanation: ～にくい means “difficult to do” and is attached to the verb stem, so 運転する becomes 運転しにくい. In contrast, ～やすい means “easy to do,” so 運転しやすい would have the opposite meaning and does not match the description of a narrow road. Remember that with verbs ending in する, remove する and add しにくい: 運転する → 運転しにくい.

3: 飛行機は午後3時に（ ）。

Choices

A: 出発しやすいです

B: 出発するつもりです

C: 出発する予定です

D: 出発しよう

Answer
C
Explanation: ～予定です is used to express a planned or scheduled event, so it is appropriate when stating a flight’s departure time. ～つもりです expresses a person’s intention, so it is generally not used with an inanimate subject such as 飛行機. ～やすいです means that an action is easy to do, while ～よう is the volitional form used to express a speaker’s intention or suggestion.

4: このコップはプラスチックで、割れ（ ）。

Choices

A: ますにくいです

B: やすいです

C: るにくいです

D: にくいです

Answer
D
Explanation: ～にくい means “difficult to do” and is attached to the verb stem. For 割れる, the stem is 割れ, giving 割れにくい (“difficult to break”). In contrast, ～やすい means “easy to do,” so 割れやすい would have the opposite meaning. When using ～にくい, remember to remove the ます from the ます-form and add にくい: 割れます → 割れにくい.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: 来週、引っ越します予定です。

Answer
来週、引っ越す予定です。
Explanation: When using ～予定です to say that you plan or are scheduled to do something, the verb before 予定 should be in the plain form, not the polite ～ます form.

2: 今夜は早く寝ろうと思います。

Answer
今夜は早く寝ようと思います。
Explanation: To express “I think I will…” or “I intend to…” with ～と思います, use the volitional form of the verb. For 寝る, the volitional form is 寝よう, not 寝ろう.

3: このパソコンは使うやすいです。

Answer
このパソコンは使いやすいです。
Explanation: When やすい is attached to a verb to mean that something is easy to do, the verb must be changed to its ます-stem before adding やすい. For 使う, the ます-stem is 使い, so the correct form is 使いやすい.

✏️ Rewrite

Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.

1: 明日雨が降ると、試合はありません。

Rewrite the sentence using: …たら…

Answer
明日雨が降ったら、試合はありません。
Explanation: Both 「～と」 and 「～たら」 can express a condition, but they have slightly different nuances. 「～と」 suggests a natural, automatic, or predictable result—“if/when it rains, the game is not held”—and is often used for rules or situations that consistently lead to a result. 「～たら」 presents the condition as a specific possibility or situation in the future, so it sounds more appropriate when talking about what will happen if tomorrow’s weather turns out to be rainy.

2: 明日、私の家へ遊びに来ましょう。

Rewrite the sentence using: 意向形

Answer
明日、私の家へ遊びに来よう。
Explanation: 「～ましょう」 is a polite way to suggest doing something together, while the volitional form 「～よう」 expresses the same idea more casually and directly. In this sentence, 「来ましょう」 sounds like a polite invitation such as “Let’s come,” whereas 「来よう」 is the casual form, suitable when speaking with friends, family, or someone you are close to.

3: あさって、友達と会います。

Rewrite the sentence using: V dictionary form 予定です。

Answer
あさって、友達と会う予定です。
Explanation: 「～予定です」 is used to say that something is planned or scheduled to happen. The dictionary form before 「予定です」 indicates that the action is part of a future plan. Compared with the simple 「会います」, which can simply state a future action, 「会う予定です」 emphasizes that meeting the friend is an arrangement or plan that has already been decided.

⚠️

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