Day N4 - 17 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 17
After reading the original text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-17.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar introduced in the shadowing practice.
Grammar practiced:
✓ N ใงใใใใพใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใ ใใพใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใ ใใใพใใใ
✓ ~ๅ ดๅใฏ、~
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใฃใใใใพใ
✓ ใ/ใ~ใใ ใใ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ้ๅๆ้ใซ้ ใใๅ ดๅใฏ、ๅ ่ผฉใซ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: When ๅ ดๅ(ใฐใใ) means “in the case that…” or “if…,” a verb can directly modify it, so ้ ใใๅ ดๅ is grammatical. The particle ใฎ is not inserted between a verb in its plain form and ๅ ดๅ; ~ใฎใฎๅ ดๅ is used with certain noun-like expressions instead, not with a verb such as ้ ใใ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๅ ็ใฏไบๅๆใงๆฐ่ใ่ชญใใงใใใฃใใใใพใ。
Explanation: The verb ่ชญใ is a godan verb, so its ใฆ-form is ่ชญใใง, not ่ชญใฟใฆ. The pattern ~ใฆใใใฃใใใใพใ is the respectful equivalent of ~ใฆใใพใ when describing the action of someone who should be treated with respect, such as a teacher.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ใไบ็ดใฎๆฅใฏๆจๆฅใงใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใใพใ is a very polite form of ใงใ, and its past tense is ใงใใใใพใใ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๆฉๆขฐใฎไฝฟใๆนใ่ชฌๆใใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: The request pattern ~ใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ must attach to the ใฆ-form of a verb.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: A:ๅฑฑ็ฐๅ ็ใฏๅคงๅญฆใงไฝใๆใใฆใใพใใ。 B:( )。
ChoicesB
Explanation: The question asks what Professor Yamada teaches at the university, so the response needs to describe his current teaching activity while using respectful language. 「ๆใใฆใใใฃใใใใพใ」 is the honorific form of 「ๆใใฆใใพใ」 and is natural when speaking about a teacher or professor.
2: ใใฎๆฉๆขฐใฏไปใฏๅใใฆใใพใใ、ใพใๆ ้ใใใใใใใพใใ。ๆ ๅฝใฎไบบใฏๆฌกใฎใใใซ่จใใพใใ。 「( )」
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「~ๅ ดๅใฏ」 is used to give instructions or explain what to do if a particular situation occurs, so it fits a possible future malfunction very naturally. 「่ชๅใง็ดใใชใใง、ใ้ฃ็ตกใใ ใใ」 also works as a clear instruction telling the listener not to repair the machine themselves and to contact the appropriate person instead.
3: ๅฎข:ไปใฏใใฎไฝๆใงใใ、ๆฅๆๅคใใใใใใใพใใ。 ในใฟใใ:( )。
ChoicesA
Explanation: 「~ๅ ดๅใฏ」 is used when explaining what someone should do if a certain situation occurs, so it matches the customer’s statement that the address may change next month. 「ๆฐใใไฝๆใๆใใฆใใ ใใ」 then gives a natural instruction for that possible future situation.
4: ๅฎข:ในใคใผใใ็ฉบใใฆใใใใพใ ๅใใใพใใ。( )。
ChoicesC
Explanation: 「~ๅ ดๅใฏ」 is appropriate when talking about what should happen if a possible condition becomes true, so it matches the uncertainty expressed by 「ใพใ ๅใใใพใใ」. 「ๅๅฎคใใ้กใใใพใ」 naturally states the customer’s preference in that situation.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๅ ็ใฏในใคใผใใงๅค้ฃฏใ้ฃในใใใใฃใใใใพใ。
ๅ ็ใฏในใคใผใใงๅค้ฃฏใ้ฃในใฆใใใฃใใใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใใใฃใใใใพใ is used after another verb to respectfully describe what someone is doing, the first verb must be in the ใฆ-form.
2: ในใคใผใใใไบ็ดใใใใ ใใ。
ในใคใผใใใไบ็ดใใ ใใ。
Explanation: In the polite request pattern ใ/ใ~ใใ ใใ, the noun-like verb stem is followed directly by ใใ ใใ, so ใไบ็ดใใ ใใ is correct.
3: ๅฐ้ๅ ดๅใฏ、ใใใซๆ ้คจใฎในใฟใใใซ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใใ ใใ。
ๅฐ้ใฎๅ ดๅใฏ、ใใใซๆ ้คจใฎในใฟใใใซ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: When ๅ ดๅ follows a noun, the noun is normally connected to it with ใฎ. Therefore, ๅฐ้ๅ ดๅ is incorrect, while ๅฐ้ใฎๅ ดๅ is the correct pattern.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ็ณ่พผๆธใซๆธใใไฝๆใ้ใๅ ดๅใฏ、ในใฟใใใซ่จใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: When a verb comes before ๅ ดๅ, it normally appears in its plain form. Since ้ใ is a verb meaning “to be different” or “to be incorrect,” the correct form is ้ใๅ ดๅ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ใใฎในใผใใฏๅฐใใใใฆ、็ใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ็ใ is an ichidan verb, so its potential form is made by replacing ใ with ใใใ, giving ็ใใใ. The polite negative form is therefore ็ใใใพใใ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ไบ็ดใๅฟ ่ฆใฎใชใๅ ดๅใฏ、ใใใซๅ ฅใใพใ。
Explanation: ๅฟ ่ฆใฎใชใ means “not necessary” and can directly modify a noun such as ๅ ดๅ. Because ใชใ is already part of the modifying expression, you should say ๅฟ ่ฆใฎใชใๅ ดๅ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ็บ้ณใๆใใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: The pattern ~ใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ is a polite way to make a request, and ใ follows ใใ ใใใพใใ directly.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๅ ็ใซ็ณ่พผๆธใฎๆธใๆนใๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใ。
Explanation: The pattern ~ใฆใใใ ใ is used when you receive the benefit of someone doing something for you, so the preceding verb must be in the ใฆ-form. Since the ใฆ-form of ๆใใ is ๆใใฆ, the correct expression is ๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใ.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ใใกใใซไฝๆใๆธใใใ ใใใพใใใ。
ใใกใใซไฝๆใๆธใใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: Before ใใ ใใใพใใใ, the verb must be in the ใฆ-form.
2: ๅ ่ผฉใฏในใคใผใใงไผใฟใใใฃใใใใพใ。
ๅ ่ผฉใฏในใคใผใใงไผใใงใใใฃใใใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใใใฃใใใใพใ is used after another verb as the honorific equivalent of ~ใฆใใพใ, the first verb must be in the ใฆ-form.
3: ๆจๆฅ็ฉบใใฆใใ้จๅฑใฏ、ในใคใผใใ ใฃใใใใใพใ。
ๆจๆฅ็ฉบใใฆใใ้จๅฑใฏ、ในใคใผใใงใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The polite expression ใงใใใใพใ has its own past form, ใงใใใใพใใ.
4: ใใฎ้ใฎ่ฉฑใใใไธๅบฆ่ใใใใใ ใใใพใใใ。
ใใฎ้ใฎ่ฉฑใใใไธๅบฆ่ใใใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: Before ใใ ใใใพใใใ, the verb must be in the ใฆ-form.
5: ๅ ่ผฉใๆ ้คจใพใงๆฅใฆใใใ ใใพใใ。
ๅ ่ผฉใซๆ ้คจใพใงๆฅใฆใใใ ใใพใใ。
Explanation: With ~ใฆใใใ ใ, the person who performs the action for the speaker is normally marked with ใซ.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๅ ่ผฉใฏในใคใผใใงไผใใงใใพใ。
ๅ ่ผฉใฏในใคใผใใงไผใใงใใใฃใใใใพใ。
Explanation: Using ~ใฆใใใฃใใใใพใ adds respectful language (ๅฐๆฌ่ช) to the action. While ~ใฆใใพใ simply describes what someone is doing or their current state, ~ใฆใใใฃใใใใพใ raises the person being talked about and shows respect toward them. Since ๅ ่ผฉ refers to a senior, this honorific form is especially appropriate when the speaker wants to be polite and respectful.
2: ้จใฎใจใใฏ、ใคใใณใใๆๅฎคใงใใพใ。
้จใฎๅ ดๅใฏ、ใคใใณใใๆๅฎคใงใใพใ。
Explanation: ~ๅ ดๅใฏ is used to present a specific condition or possible situation in a more formal or organized way. Compared with ~ใจใ, which simply means “when” and is common in everyday speech, ~ๅ ดๅใฏ has a nuance closer to “in the case that” or “if this situation occurs,” so it is especially common in announcements, instructions, rules, and planned situations.
3: ใใกใใฎใ้จๅฑใฏในใคใผใใงใ。
ใใกใใฎใ้จๅฑใฏในใคใผใใงใใใใพใ。
Explanation: ~ใงใใใใพใ is a highly polite and formal equivalent of ~ใงใ. It does not change the basic meaning, but it makes the sentence sound more respectful and service-oriented. This form is especially common in hotels, stores, restaurants, announcements, and other situations where the speaker is addressing a customer or guest very politely.
4: ้ใๅใใใชใใฎใง、้ง ใพใงๆกๅ ใใฆใใใพใใใ。
้ใๅใใใชใใฎใง、้ง ใพใงๆกๅ ใใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: ~ใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ is a more polite way to ask someone to do something than ~ใฆใใใพใใใ. Both forms make a request, but ~ใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ creates more distance and respect toward the listener, making it especially suitable when asking a stranger, someone older, or a person you do not know well for help.
5: ๅ ็ใฏใพใ ๆๅฎคใซๆฅใฆใใพใใ。
ๅ ็ใฏใพใ ๆๅฎคใซๆฅใฆใใใฃใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ~ใฆใใใฃใใใใพใ is the respectful equivalent of ~ใฆใใพใ, so in the negative form it becomes ~ใฆใใใฃใใใใพใใ. Compared with the neutral ~ใฆใใพใใ, this form shows respect toward the person whose action or state is being described. Because the subject is a teacher, using the honorific form is appropriate and makes the sentence more polite.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆ、ใใใฏๆ ้คจใงใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใใพใ is a very polite form of ใงใ, and its past form is ใงใใใใพใใ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๅ ่ผฉใซๅญฆๅ็ฅญใฎๆบๅใๆไผใฃใฆใใใ ใใพใใ。
Explanation: The polite past form of ใใใ ใ is ใใใ ใใพใใ. In the pattern ~ใฆใใใ ใ, the verb before ใใใ ใ appears in the ใฆ-form, and then ใใใ ใ itself is conjugated for tense and politeness.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๆ ๅฝใฎไบบใฏๆฐใใๅๅใ้ธใใงใใใฃใใใใพใ。
Explanation: The person performing the action should be marked as the topic or subject, so ๆ ๅฝใฎไบบ takes ใฏ (or sometimes ใ, depending on context), not ใ. The particle ใ marks the direct object of a verb, and here that role is already filled by ๆฐใใๅๅ, the thing being selected.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ใใฎใใณใใฌใใใไธๅบฆ่ฆใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: The polite request pattern ~ใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ must follow the ใฆ-form of a verb. Since the ใฆ-form of ่ฆใ is ่ฆใฆ, the correct expression is ่ฆใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: A:ๅฑฑ็ฐๅ ็ใฏใฉใใซไฝใใงใใพใใ。 B:้ง ๅใซ( )。
ChoicesC
Explanation: The question asks about Professor Yamada’s current place of residence, so the response needs a present-tense expression describing where he lives. 「ไฝใใงใใใฃใใใใพใ」 is the honorific form of 「ไฝใใงใใพใ」 and is appropriate when speaking respectfully about a professor.
2: ในใฟใใ:ไบ็ดใซใฏไฝๆใๅฟ ่ฆใงใ。ใใฟใพใใใ、( )。
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「ใใฟใพใใใ」 is commonly used before making a polite request, and 「ๆธใใฆใใ ใใใพใใใ」 politely asks the customer to write their address. This fits the situation because the address is needed for the reservation now.
3: ๆ ้คจใฎในใฟใใใฏ、ใพใ ไบ็ดใใใใใๆฑบใใฆใใชใๅฎขใซ่ชฌๆใใฆใใพใ。 「( )」
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「~ๅ ดๅใฏ」 is used to explain what someone should do if a possible situation occurs, so it fits a customer who has not yet decided whether to cancel the reservation. 「ๆฉใใ้ฃ็ตกใใ ใใ」 then gives a natural instruction to contact the ryokan promptly if that decision is made.
4: A:ๆๆฅใฎๅญฆๅ็ฅญใฎๆบๅใฏๅคงๅคใใใงใใญ。ๅ ่ผฉใซใๆไผใฃใฆใใใใใงใใ。 B:ใฏใ、( )。
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใ ใใพใ」 is used when the speaker respectfully says that they will receive someone’s help or favor, so it matches the question asking whether a senior student will help with the festival preparations. The particle 「ใซ」 marks the person providing the help.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ใไบ็ดใฎ้จๅฑใฏ、ในใคใผใใงใฏใใใใพใใใงใ。
ใไบ็ดใฎ้จๅฑใฏ、ในใคใผใใงใฏใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใใใใพใใ is already a complete polite negative expression, so it cannot be followed by ใงใ.
2: ๅคงไบใช็ฉใฏ、ใใฐใใซๅ ฅใใฆใๆใคใใ ใใ。
ๅคงไบใช็ฉใฏ、ใใฐใใซๅ ฅใใฆใๆใกใใ ใใ。
Explanation: In the polite request pattern ใ~ใใ ใใ, use the verb stem rather than the dictionary form. The stem of ๆใค is ๆใก, so the correct expression is ใๆใกใใ ใใ.
3: ในใฟใใใฏใใ้ง ใซๆฅใใใใฃใใใใพใ。
ในใฟใใใฏใใ้ง ใซๆฅใฆใใใฃใใใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใใใฃใใใใพใ is used as the honorific equivalent of ~ใฆใใพใ, the preceding verb must be in the ใฆ-form. Therefore, ๆฅใ changes to ๆฅใฆ, giving ๆฅใฆใใใฃใใใใพใ.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ไฝๆใๅใใใชใใจใใฏ、ในใฟใใใซ่ใใฆใใ ใใ。
ไฝๆใๅใใใชใๅ ดๅใฏ、ในใฟใใใซ่ใใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: ~ๅ ดๅใฏ presents a condition as a particular case or situation, while ~ใจใใฏ is a more general and conversational way to say “when.” In this context, ~ๅ ดๅใฏ sounds slightly more formal and instruction-like, so it fits well in guidance, notices, or situations where someone is explaining what to do under a certain condition.
2: ๆ ้คจใฎไฝๆใฏใใกใใงใ。
ๆ ้คจใฎไฝๆใฏใใกใใงใใใใพใ。
Explanation: ~ใงใใใใพใ is a more formal and respectful version of ~ใงใ. Compared with the neutral form, it gives the sentence a more courteous and professional tone, which is especially common in customer service, hotels, inns, and other hospitality settings when presenting information to a guest.
3: ๅ ็ใซ็บ้ณใ็ดใใฆใใใใพใ。
ๅ ็ใซ็บ้ณใ็ดใใฆใใใ ใใพใ。
Explanation: ~ใฆใใใ ใใพใ is the humble and more polite equivalent of ~ใฆใใใใพใ. Both express receiving the benefit of someone doing something for you, but ~ใฆใใใ ใใพใ shows greater respect toward the person performing the action. Since the action is done by a teacher, this form appropriately emphasizes the speaker’s gratitude and respect.
๐ฌ Complete the Dialogue
Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.
Question 1:
A:ใใฎ็ฎฑใไบๅๆใพใง้ใฐใชใใฆใฏใใใชใใใงใ。
B:ใใใถใ้ใใใงใใญ。
A:ใฏใ。ไธไบบใงใฏ้ในใชใใฎใง、____________。
B:ใใกใใใงใ。
ไธ็ทใซ้ใใงใใ ใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: he speaker explains that the box is too heavy to carry alone, so this situation naturally calls for a polite request for help. The Suggested Answer, ไธ็ทใซ้ใใงใใ ใใใพใใใ, uses the target pattern V[ใฆ-form]ใใ ใใใพใใใ, which is a polite and considerate way to ask someone to do something. Here, ้ใใง is the ใฆ-form of ้ใถ (“to carry”), and ไธ็ทใซ makes it clear that the speaker is asking B to help carry the box together. This fits B’s positive response ใใกใใใงใ (“Of course”) very naturally.
Question 2:
A:็ณ่พผๆธ、ใใๆธใใใใงใใ。
B:ใฏใ。ๆๅใฏๆธใๆนใๅใใใชใใฃใใใงใใ、____________。
A:ใใใชใๅฎๅฟใงใใญ。
ๅ ็ใซๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใ。
Explanation: The speaker says that at first they did not know how to fill out the form, so the dialogue naturally needs an explanation of how they were able to complete it. The Suggested Answer, ๅ ็ใซๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใ, uses the target pattern V[ใฆ-form]ใใใ ใใพใ to express receiving someone’s helpful action in a polite and respectful way. Here, ๆใใฆใใใ ใใพใใ shows that the speaker benefited from the teacher’s help, which explains why the form is now finished and makes A’s relieved response ใใใชใๅฎๅฟใงใใญ fit naturally.
Question 3:
A:ไบ็ดใใในใคใผใใ็ฉบใใฆใใชใใฃใใ、ใฉใใชใใพใใ。
B:ใปใใฎ้จๅฑใ็จๆใงใใใ่ชฟในใพใ。
A:ใใ、ใปใใฎ้จๅฑใใชใใฃใใ、ใฉใใชใใพใใ。
B:____________。
A:ๅใใใพใใ。
็จๆใงใใชใๅ ดๅใฏ、ใใใซใ้ฃ็ตกใใพใ。
Explanation: The speaker is asking what the hotel will do if no alternative room is available, so the response needs to describe the action taken in that situation. The Suggested Answer, ็จๆใงใใชใๅ ดๅใฏ、ใใใซใ้ฃ็ตกใใพใ, uses ~ๅ ดๅใฏ to introduce a specific condition and then explains the corresponding procedure. Here, ็จๆใงใใชใๅ ดๅ means “in the case that one cannot be prepared,” and ใใใซใ้ฃ็ตกใใพใ gives the hotel’s response to that condition, making it a natural fit for the customer-service context.
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