Day N3 - 10 - Grammar Practice

Complementary Exercises: Daily N3 - Day 10

After reading the original text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N3-10.

These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns, and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar introduced in the shadowing practice.

Grammar practiced:
✓ V conditional form ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸ
✓ ~わけだ
✓ ~わけがãĒい/~わけはãĒい
✓ ~させられる
✓ ~こそ
✓ N ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã¨/ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã°/ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãŖãĻ
✓ ~ãŸãŖãĻ / ~ã ãŖãĻ
✓ V[ãĒい-form]ずãĢ
✓ N としãĻ
✓ >~ãŸãŗ(ãĢ)
✓ ~ãĢ比ず(ãĻ)/ ~と比ず(ãĻ)

1. Understand

Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 子䞛ぎ頃、į§ã¯æ¯ã‚’æ¯Žæ—Ĩピã‚ĸãƒŽã‚’įˇ´įŋ’させられぞした。
B: åŋ™ã—いときこそ、åŽļæ—ã¨čŠąã™æ™‚é–“ã‚’å¤§åˆ‡ãĢしたいです。
C: ã“ãŽå†™įœŸã‚’čĻ‹ã‚‹ãŸãŗãĢ、地元ぎ友達ãĢäŧšã„たくãĒりぞす。
D: æŠŸæã‚‚č˛ˇãˆãĒã„įžįŠļã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã¨、æĨ月から開į™ēã‚’å§‹ã‚ã‚‹ãŽã¯é›Ŗã—ã„ã§ã™。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 子䞛ぎ頃、į§ã¯æ¯ãĢ毎æ—Ĩピã‚ĸãƒŽã‚’įˇ´įŋ’させられぞした。
Explanation: In the causative-passive pattern 〜させられる, the person who makes or forces someone to do an action is normally marked with ãĢ. Here, the mother is the person who made the speaker practice the piano, so 母ãĢ is required. Using 母を would incorrectly mark the mother as a direct object, which does not fit the grammatical roles in this causative-passive construction.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 子䞛ぎ頃、įˆļãĢ毎朝čĩ°ã‚‰ã•れぞした。
B: äēˆįŽ—ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã¨、ã“ãŽæŠŸæã‚’å…¨éƒ¨č˛ˇã†ãŽã¯é›Ŗã—ã„ã§ã™。
C: é›¨ãŒé™ãŖãŸãŖãĻ、駅からčŋ‘いぎで歊いãĻčĄŒã‘ãžã™。
D: ä슿—Ĩã¯éšŖãŽæ•™åŽ¤ã§æŽˆæĨ­ãŒãĒいぎで、こんãĒãĢ静かだわけですね。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ä슿—Ĩã¯éšŖãŽæ•™åŽ¤ã§æŽˆæĨ­ãŒãĒいぎで、こんãĒãĢ静かãĒわけですね。
Explanation: When a ãĒ-adjective directly modifies わけ, it takes ãĒ, so 静かãĒわけ is the correct form. Here, 〜わけですね expresses that the speaker now understands the reason for the situation, based on the fact that there is no class in the next room.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: åŽļčŗƒãŽé‡‘éĄã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãŖãĻ、ã“ãŽį‰Šäģļはå­Ļį”ŸãĢはéĢ˜ã™ãŽãžã™。
B: äŊæ°‘ぎ一äēēとしãĻ、地域ぎæ´ģ動ãĢ協力したいです。
C: į”°ä¸­ã•ã‚“ã¯ååš´é–“æ—ĨæœŦãĢäŊã‚“でいたんですか、それでæ—ĨæœŦčĒžãŒä¸Šæ‰‹ãĒわけですね。
D: ã“ãŽį ”įŠļでは、重čĻã į™ēčĻ‹ãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã—ãŸ。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ã“ãŽį ”įŠļでは、重čρãĒį™ēčĻ‹ãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã—ãŸ。
Explanation: When a ãĒ-adjective directly modifies a noun, it takes ãĒ before that noun. Since 重čρ modifies į™ēčĻ‹, the correct form is 重čρãĒį™ēčĻ‹.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ãƒœãƒŠãƒŗãƒ†ã‚Ŗã‚ĸとしãĻ、åēƒå ´ãŽæŽƒé™¤ãĢ参加しぞした。
B: åŽģåš´ã¯æ—…čĄŒãĢčĄŒã‘ãĒã‹ãŖãŸãŽã§、äģŠåš´ã‚’こそäēŦéƒŊãĢčĄŒããŸã„ã§ã™。
C: こぎåē—ãŽã‚ąãƒŧã‚­ã¯į‰ščŖŊãŽãƒãƒ§ã‚ŗãƒŦãƒŧトをäŊŋãŖãĻいるぎで、値æŽĩがéĢ˜ã„ã‚ã‘ã§ã™ã­。
D: æ—Ĩį¨‹ã‚’čĒŋずずãĢčŋ”äē‹ã‚’しãĻしぞいぞした。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: åŽģåš´ã¯æ—…čĄŒãĢčĄŒã‘ãĒã‹ãŖãŸãŽã§、äģŠåš´ã“そäēŦéƒŊãĢčĄŒããŸã„ã§ã™。
Explanation: The particle こそ adds strong emphasis to the word or phrase before it, so it attaches directly to äģŠåš´ in äģŠåš´ã“そ. In this context, äģŠåš´ã“そ expresses determination or contrast, roughly emphasizing that this year, unlike last year, is the year the speaker wants to go to Kyoto.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: A:最čŋ‘、äģ•äē‹ãŒåŋ™ã—いぎで、äŧ‘憊は取らãĒいようãĢしãĻいぞす。 B:それはよくありぞせん。(      )。少しäŧ‘んでから、ぞたäģ•äē‹ã‚’しãĻください。

Choices
A: åŋ™ã—ããŸãŖãĻ、äŧ‘憊しãĻはいけぞせん
B: åŋ™ã—いときこそ、äŧ‘憊を取らãĒいでください
C: åŋ™ã—いときこそ、äŧ‘憊が大切です
D: åŋ™ã—いäēēãĢ、äŧ‘憊がåŋ…čρãĒわけがありぞせん
Answer
C
Explanation: 「〜ときこそ」 emphasizes that a particular situation is exactly when something is especially important or necessary. Here, the speaker disagrees with the idea of avoiding breaks when busy and immediately recommends taking a short rest, so 「äŧ‘憊が大切です」 fits both the grammar and the flow of the conversation.

2: įĨ–母は遠いį”ēãĢäŊã‚“でいるぎで、あぞりäŧšãˆãžã›ã‚“。でも、įĨ–母ぎåŽļã¸čĄŒãã¨、ã„ã¤ã‚‚į§ãŽãŸã‚ãĢį‰ščŖŊãŽæ–™į†ã‚’äŊœãŖãĻくれぞす。įĨ–母は、į§ãŒ(      )。

Choices
A: č¨Ēã‚Œã‚‹ãŸãŗãĢ、æ–™į†ã‚’äŊœã‚‰ãšãĢäŧ‘ãŋぞす
B: č¨Ēã‚ŒãŸãŖãĻ、æ–™į†ã¯äŊœãŖãĻくれぞせん
C: č¨Ēã‚Œã‚‹ãŸãŗãĢ、į‰ščŖŊãŽæ–™į†ã‚’äŊœãŖãĻくれぞす
D: č¨ĒれãĻも、æ–™į†ã‚’äŊœãŖãĻくれるわけではありぞせん
Answer
C
Explanation: 「〜ãŸãŗãĢ」 means “every time” and is used when the same thing regularly happens whenever a certain action or event occurs. Since the passage says that the grandmother always prepares special food when the speaker visits her, 「č¨Ēã‚Œã‚‹ãŸãŗãĢ」 matches both the repeated situation and 「いつも」.

3: A:大å­ĻãŽå…ˆį”Ÿã¨ã—ãĻ、į”ēぎæ´ģ動ãĢ参加しãĻいるんですか。 B:いいえ。大å­Ļぎäģ•äē‹ã§ã¯ã‚りぞせん。こぎį”ēãĢは十嚴前からäŊã‚“でいるぎで、地域ぎ(      )。

Choices
A: äŊæ°‘としãĻ参加しãĻいぞす
B: äŊæ°‘ãĢãĒらずãĢ参加しãĻいぞす
C: äŊæ°‘ではãĒく、大å­ĻãŽå…ˆį”Ÿã¨ã—ãĻ参加しãĻいぞす
D: äŊæ°‘ãĢãĒるためãĢ参加しãĻいぞす
Answer
A
Explanation: 「NとしãĻ」 means “as N” or “in the role/capacity of N” and is used to show the position or status in which someone does something. Here, the speaker explicitly says that the activity is not related to university work and explains that they have lived in the town for ten years, so participating 「äŊæ°‘としãĻ」 fits the intended role.

4: こぎ抟材は、äŊŋい始めるとåŋ…ず大きãĒéŸŗãŒã—ãžã™。äŊŋう前ãĢã¯éŸŗãŒã—ãžã›ã‚“。これぞで十回äŊŋいぞしたが、十回とも同じでした。こぎ抟材は、(      )。

Choices
A: äŊŋãŖãŸãŖãĻ、大きãĒéŸŗã¯ã—ãžã›ã‚“
B: äŊŋわãĒければ、大きãĒéŸŗãŒã—ãžã™
C: äŊŋã†ãŸãŗãĢ、大きãĒéŸŗãŒã—ãžã™
D: äŊŋう前ãĢだけ、大きãĒéŸŗãŒã—ãžã™
Answer
C
Explanation: 「〜ãŸãŗãĢ」 is used when the same thing happens every time a certain action occurs. The passage says that the equipment has been used ten times and made a loud noise on all ten occasions, so 「äŊŋã†ãŸãŗãĢ」 accurately expresses this repeated pattern.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: čĒŦæ˜ŽãŒé›Ŗã—ã™ãŽãĻ、äŊ•åēĻčžããŸãŖãĻ分かりぞせん。

Answer
čĒŦæ˜ŽãŒé›Ŗã—ã™ãŽãĻ、äŊ•åēĻčžã„ãŸãŖãĻ分かりぞせん。
Explanation: ~ãŸãŖãĻ attaches to the verb’s た-form, so čžã becomes čžã„ãŸ + ãŖãĻ → čžã„ãŸãŖãĻ. It has a similar meaning to ~ãĻも and expresses that the result does not change even if the action is repeated or carried out. In this context, äŊ•åēĻ~ãŸãŖãĻ naturally emphasizes that no matter how many times the speaker listens, they still cannot understand.

2: äŧšč­°ã§、į§ã¯åŒã˜å†…åŽšã‚’äŊ•åēĻもčĒŦ明しさせられぞした。

Answer
äŧšč­°ã§、į§ã¯åŒã˜å†…åŽšã‚’äŊ•åēĻもčĒŦ明させられぞした。
Explanation: For verbs ending in する, the causative-passive form is made with させられる, so čĒŦ明する becomes čĒŦ明させられる. The causative-passive expresses that the speaker was made or forced to do something, so čĒŦ明させられぞした naturally describes being made to explain the same content repeatedly.

3: äģŠãŽäēˆįŽ—ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã°、æ–°ã—ã„æŠŸæã‚’å…¨éƒ¨č˛ˇã†ãŽã¯é›Ŗã—ã„ã§ã™。

Answer
äģŠãŽäēˆįŽ—ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã°、æ–°ã—ã„æŠŸæã‚’å…¨éƒ¨č˛ˇã†ãŽã¯é›Ŗã—ã„ã§ã™。
Explanation: The ~ば conditional of č¨€ã† is č¨€ãˆã°, formed by changing the final う to え and adding ば. In the pattern Nã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã°, the noun provides the viewpoint or basis for a judgment, so äģŠãŽäēˆįŽ—ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã° naturally introduces an evaluation based on the current budget.

2. Practice

Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: įĨ–母はįœŧéĄã‚’ã‹ã‘ãšãĢæ–°čžã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã„ãžã™。
B: こぎæœŦをčĒ­ãŋãŸãŗãĢ、新しいį™ēčĻ‹ãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã™。
C: あんãĒã“ã¨ã‚’č¨€ã‚ãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã¨、äģŠã‚‚垌悔しãĻいぞす。
D: 前ぎ教材ãĢ比ずãĻ、ã“ãŽæ•™æã¯įˇ´įŋ’å•éĄŒãŒå¤šã„ã§ã™。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: こぎæœŦをčĒ­ã‚€ãŸãŗãĢ、新しいį™ēčĻ‹ãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã™。
Explanation: The pattern ~ãŸãŗãĢ meaning “whenever / every time” attaches to the dictionary form of a verb, so čĒ­ã‚€ãŸãŗãĢ is correct.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 昨æ—Ĩは、éŖŸãšãŸããĒã„æ–™į†ã‚’å…„ãĢéŖŸãšã•ã›ã‚‰ã‚Œãžã—ãŸ。
B: こぎäŧšč˛ģãĢã¯æ–™į†ã¨éŖ˛ãŋį‰ŠãŽãŠé‡‘ã‚‚åĢぞれãĻいるぎで、åˆĨãĢ払うåŋ…čĻã¯ã‚ã‚Šãžã›ã‚“。
C: 地元ぎ友達ãĢäŧšã†ãŽãŸãŗãĢ、å­äž›ãŽé ƒãŽčŠąã‚’ã—ãžã™。
D: 内厚をよくčĒ­ãžãšãĢ、ã“ãŽį”¨į´™ãĢ名前を書いãĻしぞいぞした。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: 地元ぎ友達ãĢäŧšã†ãŸãŗãĢ、å­äž›ãŽé ƒãŽčŠąã‚’ã—ãžã™。
Explanation: The pattern ~ãŸãŗãĢ attaches directly to the dictionary form of a verb, so äŧšã†ãŸãŗãĢ is correct. The particle ぎ is used when ãŸãŗãĢ follows a noun, as in æ—…čĄŒãŽãŸãŗãĢ, but it cannot be inserted between a verb and ãŸãŗãĢ.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: åŽļčŗƒã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã°、駅から遠いãģã†ãŽį‰Šäģļがいいです。
B: 昨æ—Ĩは遅くぞでテãƒŦビをčĻ‹ãĻã—ãžãŖãŸãŽã§、ã‚‚ãŖã¨æ—Šãå¯ã‚Œã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™。
C: ã“ãŽæ–™į†ã¯、å†ˇãŸããŸãŖãĻおいしいですよ。
D: これは初åŋƒč€…向けãĒ教材ãĒぎで、čĒŦ明がわかりやすいです。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: これは初åŋƒč€…向けぎ教材ãĒぎで、čĒŦ明がわかりやすいです。
Explanation: ~向け behaves like a noun when it modifies another noun, so it is followed by ぎ, as in 初åŋƒč€…向けぎ教材.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: こぎåŽļ躃ãĒら、äģŠãŽįĩĻæ–™ã§ã‚‚払えぞす。
B: į”°ä¸­ã•ã‚“ã¯äģŠ、外å›ŊãĢいるぎで、äģŠã‹ã‚‰ã“ぎ教åޤãĢæĨぞすわけがありぞせん。
C: æœã”éŖ¯ã‚’éŖŸãšãšãĢå‡ēかけたぎで、おãĒかがすきぞした。
D: äģŠãŽį‰Šäģļは、å‰ãŽį‰Šäģļと比ずãĻ駅ãĢčŋ‘いです。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: į”°ä¸­ã•ã‚“ã¯äģŠ、外å›ŊãĢいるぎで、äģŠã‹ã‚‰ã“ぎ教åޤãĢæĨるわけがありぞせん。
Explanation: Before わけがありぞせん, a verb must be in its plain form. For a non-past affirmative verb, that means the dictionary form, so æĨるわけがありぞせん is correct.

5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: åššäē‹ã¨ã—ãĻ、ãŋんãĒからäŧšč˛ģを集めãĻいぞす。
B: å‰ãŽæ—…čĄŒãĢ比ずãĻ、äģŠå›žãŽæ—…čĄŒãŽäēˆįŽ—ã¯å°‘ãĒいです。
C: ã‚ãŽãƒãƒ§ã‚ŗãƒŦãƒŧãƒˆã¯ã‚‚ã†åŖ˛ãŖãĻいãĒいぎで、昨æ—Ĩč˛ˇãˆã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™。
D: 昨æ—Ĩã¯č˛Ąå¸ƒãŒåŽļãĢåŋ˜ã‚ŒãŸãŽã§、ãƒãƒ§ã‚ŗãƒŦãƒŧãƒˆã‚’č˛ˇãˆãžã›ã‚“ã§ã—ãŸ。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: 昨æ—Ĩã¯č˛Ąå¸ƒã‚’åŽļãĢåŋ˜ã‚ŒãŸãŽã§、ãƒãƒ§ã‚ŗãƒŦãƒŧãƒˆã‚’č˛ˇãˆãžã›ã‚“ã§ã—ãŸ。
Explanation: With åŋ˜ã‚Œã‚‹, the thing that is forgotten is normally marked with を, while the place where it was left can be marked with ãĢ. Therefore, č˛Ąå¸ƒã‚’åŽļãĢåŋ˜ã‚ŒãŸ is the natural structure.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: あぎäēēはäēŒååš´ã‚‚æ—ĨæœŦčĒžã‚’æ•™ãˆãĻいぞす。初åŋƒč€…だわけがありぞせん。

Answer
あぎäēēはäēŒååš´ã‚‚æ—ĨæœŦčĒžã‚’æ•™ãˆãĻいぞす。初åŋƒč€…ãĒわけがありぞせん。
Explanation: With 〜わけがãĒい / 〜わけがありぞせん, a noun is normally followed by ãĒ, not だ: N + ãĒわけがãĒい.

2: äŧšč˛ģを集めることが、åššäē‹ã¨ã—ãĻãĒ初めãĻぎäģ•äē‹ã§ã™。

Answer
äŧšč˛ģを集めることが、åššäē‹ã¨ã—ãĻぎ初めãĻぎäģ•äē‹ã§ã™。
Explanation: When としãĻ is used before a noun, it takes ぎ, forming NとしãĻぎ + noun.

3: こぎ教材は初めãĻæ—ĨæœŦčĒžã‚’å‹‰åŧˇã™ã‚‹äēē向けãĒんですね。Ꮄįŋ’å•éĄŒãŒį°Ąå˜ãŽã‚ã‘ã§ã™。

Answer
こぎ教材は初めãĻæ—ĨæœŦčĒžã‚’å‹‰åŧˇã™ã‚‹äēē向けãĒんですね。Ꮄįŋ’å•éĄŒãŒį°Ąå˜ãĒわけです。
Explanation: Before 〜わけです, a ãĒ-adjective uses ãĒ, so į°Ąå˜ becomes į°Ąå˜ãĒわけです. The pattern ãĒ-adjective + ãĒ + わけです is used here to express a conclusion that now makes sense based on the previous information.

4: åŋ™ã—いだからこそ、åŽļæ—ã¨čŠąã™æ™‚é–“ã‚’å¤§åˆ‡ãĢしãĻいぞす。

Answer
åŋ™ã—いからこそ、åŽļæ—ã¨čŠąã™æ™‚é–“ã‚’å¤§åˆ‡ãĢしãĻいぞす。
Explanation: With an い-adjective, からこそ attaches directly to the adjective, so the correct form is åŋ™ã—いからこそ. 〜からこそ adds emphasis to the reason and means that precisely because of that situation, the following action or result occurs.

5: 外は三十åēĻã‚‚ã‚ãŖãĻ、ã“ãŽéƒ¨åą‹ãĢはエã‚ĸã‚ŗãƒŗã‚‚ã‚ã‚Šãžã›ã‚“。寒いãĒわけがありぞせん。

Answer
外は三十åēĻã‚‚ã‚ãŖãĻ、ã“ãŽéƒ¨åą‹ãĢはエã‚ĸã‚ŗãƒŗã‚‚ã‚ã‚Šãžã›ã‚“。寒いわけがありぞせん。
Explanation: With an い-adjective, 〜わけがãĒい / 〜わけがありぞせん attaches directly to the adjective, so 寒いわけがありぞせん is correct. The particle ãĒ is used with ãĒ-adjectives and nouns in certain patterns, but not after an い-adjective.

✏️ Rewrite

Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.

1: į„Ąæ–™ã§ã‚‚、čˆˆå‘ŗãŽãĒい映į”ģはčĻ‹ãŸããĒいよ。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ã ãŖãĻ
Answer
į„Ąæ–™ã ãŖãĻ、čˆˆå‘ŗãŽãĒい映į”ģはčĻ‹ãŸããĒいよ。
Explanation: ~ãĻも neutrally expresses a concessive condition, meaning that the result does not change even under that circumstance. ~ã ãŖãĻ can express a similar idea with nouns, but it sounds more conversational and often adds emphasis, roughly presenting the noun as an example of an extreme or noteworthy case. Here, į„Ąæ–™ã ãŖãĻ emphasizes that even the attractive condition of something being free is not enough to change the speaker’s lack of interest.

2: äģŠãŽäēˆįŽ—ã‚’č€ƒãˆã‚‹ã¨、æ–°ã—ã„æŠŸæã‚’č˛ˇã†ãŽã¯é›Ŗã—ã„ã§ã™。

Rewrite the sentence using: Nã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã¨
Answer
äģŠãŽäēˆįŽ—ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã¨、æ–°ã—ã„æŠŸæã‚’č˛ˇã†ãŽã¯é›Ŗã—ã„ã§ã™。
Explanation: ~ã‚’č€ƒãˆã‚‹ã¨ means “when considering…” and directly highlights the act of taking something into account. Nã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã¨ means “from the standpoint of…” or “judging from…,” so it presents the noun as the basis for an evaluation. Here, äēˆįŽ—ã‹ã‚‰č¨€ã†ã¨ frames the current budget as the criterion used to judge whether buying new equipment is feasible.

3: čžžæ›¸ã‚’äŊŋわãĒいで、こぎ文įĢ ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ãã ã•ã„。

Rewrite the sentence using: V[ãĒい-form]ずãĢ
Answer
čžžæ›¸ã‚’äŊŋわずãĢ、こぎ文įĢ ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ãã ã•ã„。
Explanation: VãĒいで and VずãĢ can both mean “without doing…,” so the basic meaning stays the same. ~ずãĢ is more formal and written in tone, while ~ãĒいで is more common in everyday speech. With äŊŋう, remove ãĒい from äŊŋわãĒい and add ずãĢ, giving äŊŋわずãĢ.

4: そぎ抟材は厉くãĻも、äŊŋうäēˆåŽšãŒãĒã„ã‹ã‚‰č˛ˇã‚ãĒいよ。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ãŸãŖãĻ
Answer
ããŽæŠŸæã¯åŽ‰ããŸãŖãĻ、äŊŋうäēˆåŽšãŒãĒã„ã‹ã‚‰č˛ˇã‚ãĒいよ。
Explanation: ~ãĻも expresses a neutral concessive meaning, while ~ãŸãŖãĻ is more conversational and often gives the sentence a stronger, more emphatic tone. With an い-adjective like 厉い, the form becomes åŽ‰ããŸãŖãĻ. Here, it stresses that even if the equipment is cheap, that condition is still not enough to make the speaker buy it.

5: åŽļčŗƒã‚’č€ƒãˆã‚Œã°、ã“ãŽį‰Šäģļぎãģうがいいです。

Rewrite the sentence using: Nã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã°
Answer
åŽļčŗƒã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã°、ã“ãŽį‰Šäģļぎãģうがいいです。
Explanation: ~ã‚’č€ƒãˆã‚Œã° means “if we consider…” and focuses on taking a factor into account. Nã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã° means “from the standpoint of…” or “judging by…,” so it frames the noun as the specific criterion used for comparison. Here, åŽļčŗƒã‹ã‚‰č¨€ãˆã° makes it clear that the property is considered better specifically in terms of rent, not necessarily in every respect.

3. Review

Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 昨æ—Ĩは勉åŧˇã—ずãĢ寝ãĻã—ãžãŖãŸãŽã§、ä슿—Ĩã¯æœã‹ã‚‰æ•™į§‘æ›¸ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã„ãžã™。
B: 初夏ãĢ比ずãĻ、įœŸå¤ã¯ã“ãŽéƒ¨åą‹ãŒãšãŖã¨æš‘ããĒりぞす。
C: 地元ãĢå¸°ã‚‹ãŸãŗãĢ、åŽļ族とこぎåē—ã§éŖŸäē‹ã‚’しぞす。
D: å­Ļį”ŸãŽé ƒ、å…ˆį”ŸãĢé•ˇã„æ–‡įĢ ã‚’äŊ•åēĻも書かされぞした。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 昨æ—Ĩは勉åŧˇã›ãšãĢ寝ãĻã—ãžãŖãŸãŽã§、ä슿—Ĩã¯æœã‹ã‚‰æ•™į§‘æ›¸ã‚’čĒ­ã‚“ã§ã„ãžã™。
Explanation: The pattern ~ずãĢ is formed from the negative stem of the verb. With する, the form is irregular: せずãĢ.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ã“ãŽé–“å–ã‚Šã§ã¯éƒ¨åą‹ãŒä¸€ã¤ã—ã‹ãĒいぎで、åŽļ族四äēēã§æšŽã‚‰ã™ãŽã¯é›Ŗã—ã„ã§ã™。
B: å›°ãŖãŸã¨ãã“ã、友達ãĢᛏčĢ‡ã—ãĻください。
C: įˆļは大å­Ļぎ教授としãĻぎ働いãĻいぞす。
D: こぎåē—は全äŊ“で十äēēしかå…ĨれãĒいぎで、ここでäē”十äēēぎパãƒŧãƒ†ã‚Ŗãƒŧができるわけがありぞせん。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: įˆļは大å­Ļぎ教授としãĻ働いãĻいぞす。
Explanation: ~としãĻ can directly modify a verb to express the role or position in which someone acts, so 教授としãĻ働いãĻいぞす is correct. The form ~としãĻぎ is used before a noun, as in 教授としãĻぎäģ•äē‹, and cannot be placed directly before the verb 働いãĻいぞす.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: äģŠåēĻこそ、毎æ—Ĩæ—ĨæœŦčĒžã‚’å‹‰åŧˇã—ようと思いぞす。
B: 新しい教材ãĢついãĻぎčĒŋずãĻから、č˛ˇã†ã‹ãŠã†ã‹æąēめぞす。
C: é“ãŒæˇˇã‚“ã§ã„ãŸãŽã§、é›ģčģŠã§æĨã‚Œã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™。
D: こぎåē—では、åœ°å…ƒãŽéŖŸæã‚’äŊŋãŖãĻいぞす。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: 新しい教材ãĢついãĻčĒŋずãĻから、č˛ˇã†ã‹ãŠã†ã‹æąēめぞす。
Explanation: ~ãĢついãĻ can directly modify a verb, as in 教材ãĢついãĻčĒŋずる, meaning to investigate or research something about that topic. The form ~ãĢついãĻぎ is used before a noun, such as 教材ãĢついãĻぎčĒŦ明.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 渋æģžã§ãƒã‚šãŒå‹•かãĒã‹ãŖãŸãŽã§、é§…ãžã§æ­Šã‘ã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™。
B: åŽģåš´ãĢ比ずãĻ、äģŠåš´ã¯äēˆįŽ—ã‚’å¤§åš…ãĢ減りぞした。
C: įĩŒé¨“がãĒããŸãŖãĻ、ã“ãŽãƒœãƒŠãƒŗãƒ†ã‚Ŗã‚ĸæ´ģ動ãĢは参加できぞす。
D: äģŠå›žã¯æē–備する時間がčļŗã‚ŠãĒã‹ãŖãŸãŽã§、æŦĄã“そ旊くæē–備を始めぞしょう。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: åŽģåš´ãĢ比ずãĻ、äģŠåš´ã¯äēˆįŽ—ãŒå¤§åš…ãĢ減りぞした。
Explanation: 減る is an intransitive verb, so the thing that decreases is marked with が, as in äēˆįŽ—ãŒæ¸›ã‚Šãžã—ãŸ. Using を would require the transitive verb 減らす, for example äēˆįŽ—ã‚’å¤§åš…ãĢ減らしぞした.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: 子䞛ぎ頃、į§ã¯é‡ŽčœãŒåĢŒã„ã§ã—ãŸ。でも、母は毎晊「å…¨éƒ¨éŖŸãšãĒさい」ã¨č¨€ã„ãžã—ãŸ。éŖŸãšãŸããĒくãĻも、いつも母ãĢ(      )。

Choices
A: é‡Žčœã‚’éŖŸãšãĻもらいぞした
B: é‡Žčœã‚’éŖŸãšã•ã›ã‚‰ã‚Œãžã—ãŸ
C: é‡Žčœã‚’éŖŸãšãšãĢ寝ãĻã‚‚ã„ã„ã¨č¨€ã‚ã‚Œãžã—ãŸ
D: é‡Žčœã‚’éŖŸãšã•ã›ãĻあげぞした
Answer
B
Explanation: éŖŸãšã•ã›ã‚‰ã‚Œãžã—ãŸ is the causative-passive form of éŖŸãšã‚‹ and expresses being made or forced to do something by someone else. Here, the speaker did not want to eat the vegetables, but the mother repeatedly told the child to eat everything, so this form matches both the grammar and the context.

2: ä슿œã¯čĩˇãã‚‹ãŽãŒé…くãĒãŖãĻ、åŽļをå‡ēるぞでäē”分しかありぞせんでした。å­Ļæ ĄãĢį€ããžã§äŊ•ã‚‚éŖŸãšãžã›ã‚“ã§ã—ãŸ。æœã”éŖ¯ã‚’(      )å­Ļæ Ąã¸čĄŒããžã—ãŸ。

Choices
A: éŖŸãšã•ã›ã‚‰ã‚ŒãĻから
B: éŖŸãšãŸä¸Šã§
C: éŖŸãšãšãĢ
D: éŖŸãšãĒがら
Answer
C
Explanation: VãĒい-form + ずãĢ means “without doing V” and is used when one action happens while another action is deliberately or simply not done. Since the context explicitly says å­Ļæ ĄãĢį€ããžã§äŊ•ã‚‚éŖŸãšãžã›ã‚“ã§ã—ãŸ, the speaker went to school without eating breakfast.

3: 昨æ—Ĩ、åē—ã§į‰ščŖŊãŽãƒãƒ§ã‚ŗãƒŦãƒŧトをčĻ‹ãžã—ãŸãŒ、č˛ˇã„ãžã›ã‚“ã§ã—ãŸ。ä슿—Ĩ、č˛ˇã„ãĢčĄŒãã¨、もうありぞせんでした。äģŠ、とãĻも垌悔しãĻいぞす。昨æ—Ĩ(      )。

Choices
A: č˛ˇã‚ã•ã‚Œãžã—ãŸ
B: č˛ˇãŖãŸã‚ã‘ã§ã™
C: č˛ˇãˆã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™
D: č˛ˇã‚ãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™
Answer
C
Explanation: Vã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸ is used to express regret about something the speaker did not do and now wishes they had done. Since the speaker saw the chocolate yesterday, did not buy it, and later found that it was gone, č˛ˇãˆã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™ fits the situation exactly.

4: A:こぎ抟材、三万円ぎäēˆįŽ—ã§äēŒå°č˛ˇãˆãžã™ã‹。 B:一台äēŒä¸‡å††ã§、äēŒå°č˛ˇãŖãĻも厉くãĒりぞせん。四万円かかりぞすから、三万円で(      )。

Choices
A: äēŒå°č˛ˇãˆã‚‹ã‚ã‘です
B: äēŒå°č˛ˇãŖãŸã‚ã‘です
C: äēŒå°č˛ˇãˆãĒくãĒãŖãŸã‚ã‘ã§ã™
D: äēŒå°č˛ˇãˆã‚‹ã‚ã‘がありぞせん
Answer
D
Explanation: Vるわけがありぞせん expresses that something is impossible or cannot reasonably be true based on the facts. Here, two units cost 40,000 yen and the budget is only 30,000 yen, so äēŒå°č˛ˇãˆã‚‹ã‚ã‘がありぞせん follows logically from the calculation.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: ä슿œã¯æ™‚間がãĒくãĻ、æœã”éŖ¯ã‚’éŖŸãšãĒいずãĢåŽļをå‡ēぞした。

Answer
ä슿œã¯æ™‚間がãĒくãĻ、æœã”éŖ¯ã‚’éŖŸãšãšãĢåŽļをå‡ēぞした。
Explanation: To form 〜ずãĢ, remove ãĒい from the negative form and add ずãĢ: éŖŸãšãĒい → éŖŸãšãšãĢ.

2: ã‚ŗãƒŧヒãƒŧã‚’éŖ˛ã‚“ã ã‚‰、įœ ã‚ŒãĒくãĒりぞした。寝る前ãĢéŖ˛ãžãĒã„ã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™。

Answer
ã‚ŗãƒŧヒãƒŧã‚’éŖ˛ã‚“ã ã‚‰、įœ ã‚ŒãĒくãĒりぞした。寝る前ãĢéŖ˛ãžãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸã§ã™。
Explanation: For the negative form of 〜ã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸ, change 〜ãĒい to 〜ãĒければ: éŖ˛ãžãĒい → éŖ˛ãžãĒã‘ã‚Œã°ã‚ˆã‹ãŖãŸ.

✏️ Rewrite

Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.

1: æ—Ĩ曜æ—Ĩでも、äģ•äē‹ãŒã‚ればäŧšį¤žãĢčĄŒãã‚ˆ。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ã ãŖãĻ
Answer
æ—Ĩ曜æ—Ĩã ãŖãĻ、äģ•äē‹ãŒã‚ればäŧšį¤žãĢčĄŒãã‚ˆ。
Explanation: ~でも presents Sunday neutrally as one possible circumstance in which the action may still happen. ~ã ãŖãĻ has a more colloquial and emphatic nuance, highlighting Sunday as a notable case—something like “even on Sunday.” In this context, it stresses that having to go to work applies even on a day when people would normally expect not to work.

2: äģ•äē‹ãŒåŋ™ã—いから、į‰šãĢäŧ‘憊がåŋ…čρãĒんです。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~こそ
Answer
äģ•äē‹ãŒåŋ™ã—いからこそ、äŧ‘憊がåŋ…čρãĒんです。
Explanation: ~から simply gives a reason, while ~からこそ strongly emphasizes that this particular reason is exactly why the result follows. Here, it highlights that being busy is not just background information; it is precisely because the work is busy that taking a break becomes necessary.

3: åŽģ嚴より、äģŠåš´ã¯äēˆįŽ—ãŒå¤§åš…ãĢæ¸›ãŖãĻいぞす。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ãĢ比ずãĻ
Answer
åŽģåš´ãĢ比ずãĻ、äģŠåš´ã¯äēˆįŽ—ãŒå¤§åš…ãĢæ¸›ãŖãĻいぞす。
Explanation: ~より marks a simple comparison and is very common in both speech and writing. ~ãĢ比ずãĻ more explicitly sets one item as the reference point for comparison, so it often sounds slightly more analytical or descriptive. Here, åŽģåš´ãĢ比ずãĻ emphasizes that last year is the baseline used to evaluate how much this year’s budget has decreased.

đŸ’Ŧ Complete the Dialogue

Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.

Complete the dialogue using: ~ãĢ比ず(ãĻ)/~と比ず(ãĻ)

Question 1:
A:新しいã‚ĸパãƒŧトは、おうですか。
B:駅ぞで垒歊äē”分ですし、čŋ‘くãĢ゚ãƒŧパãƒŧもありぞす。
A:前ぎã‚ĸパãƒŧトは、駅ぞでバ゚で三十分でしたね。
B:____________。

Suggested Answer
はい。前ぎã‚ĸパãƒŧトãĢ比ずãĻ、ãšãŖã¨äžŋ刊です。
Explanation: The Suggested Answer: はい。前ぎã‚ĸパãƒŧトãĢ比ずãĻ、ãšãŖã¨äžŋ刊です。 fits naturally because the dialogue contrasts the current apartment with the previous one. NãĢ比ずãĻ is used to make a direct comparison with a reference point, here 前ぎã‚ĸパãƒŧト, while ãšãŖã¨ emphasizes that the difference is significant. The earlier details about walking five minutes to the station and having a supermarket nearby provide clear reasons for describing the new apartment as äžŋ刊.
Complete the dialogue using: ~わけがãĒい/~わけはãĒい

Question 2:
A:鈴木さんは、もうįŠē港ãĢį€ã„ãŸã§ã—ã‚‡ã†ã‹。
B:十分前ぞで、ã“ã“ã§ä¸€įˇ’ãĢčŠąã—ãĻいぞしたよ。įŠē港ぞでは一時間かかりぞす。
A:____________。

Suggested Answer
それãĒら、ã‚‚ã†į€ã„ãĻいるわけがありぞせんね。
Explanation: The Suggested Answer: それãĒら、ã‚‚ã†į€ã„ãĻいるわけがありぞせんね。 fits well because the speaker has just learned that Suzuki was still there only ten minutes ago and that the airport is an hour away. ~わけがãĒい expresses that something is logically impossible or cannot reasonably be true based on the available facts, so it is very natural here. The use of ã‚‚ã†į€ã„ãĻいる specifically refers to the idea that Suzuki has already arrived at the airport.
Complete the dialogue using: V[ãĒい-form]ずãĢ

Question 3:
A:こぎį“ļ、ã‚´ãƒŸįŽąãĢå…Ĩれぞすね。
B:åž…ãŖãĻください。ぞだきれいですし、å°ã•ã„čŠąã‚’å…Ĩれられぞすよ。
A:____________。
B:ええ。įĒ“ãŽčŋ‘くãĢįŊŽããžã—ょう。

Suggested Answer
それãĒら、捨ãĻずãĢäŊŋいぞしょう。
Explanation: The Suggested Answer: それãĒら、捨ãĻずãĢäŊŋいぞしょう。 fits the context because B suggests reusing the bottle instead of throwing it away. VずãĢ means “without doing V,” so 捨ãĻずãĢäŊŋう naturally expresses the idea of using the bottle without discarding it. The following line about placing it near the window also supports the decision to reuse it as a flower container.
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AI-generated content
The dialogue, images, audio, and exercises on this page were generated with the help of artificial intelligence for Japanese study practice. All content has been reviewed, adapted, and organized.

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