Day N3 - 10 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N3 - Day 10
After reading the original text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N3-10.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar introduced in the shadowing practice.
Grammar practiced:
✓ V conditional form ãããŖã
✓ ~ããã
✓ ~ããããĒã/~ããã¯ãĒã
✓ ~ããããã
✓ ~ãã
✓ N ããč¨ãã¨/ããč¨ãã°/ããč¨ãŖãĻ
✓ ~ããŖãĻ / ~ã ãŖãĻ
✓ V[ãĒã-form]ããĢ
✓ N ã¨ããĻ
✓ >~ããŗ(ãĢ)
✓ ~ãĢæ¯ãš(ãĻ)/ ~ã¨æ¯ãš(ãĻ)
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
đ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: åäžãŽé 、į§ã¯æ¯ãĢæ¯æĨããĸããᎴįŋãããããžãã。
Explanation: In the causative-passive pattern 〜ããããã, the person who makes or forces someone to do an action is normally marked with ãĢ. Here, the mother is the person who made the speaker practice the piano, so æ¯ãĢ is required. Using æ¯ã would incorrectly mark the mother as a direct object, which does not fit the grammatical roles in this causative-passive construction.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: äģæĨã¯éŖãŽæåŽ¤ã§ææĨããĒããŽã§、ãããĒãĢéããĒããã§ãã。
Explanation: When a ãĒ-adjective directly modifies ãã, it takes ãĒ, so éããĒãã is the correct form. Here, 〜ããã§ãã expresses that the speaker now understands the reason for the situation, based on the fact that there is no class in the next room.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ããŽį įŠļã§ã¯、éčĻãĒįēčĻããããžãã。
Explanation: When a ãĒ-adjective directly modifies a noun, it takes ãĒ before that noun. Since éčĻ modifies įēčĻ, the correct form is éčĻãĒįēčĻ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: åģåš´ã¯æ čĄãĢčĄããĒããŖããŽã§、äģåš´ããäēŦéŊãĢčĄãããã§ã。
Explanation: The particle ãã adds strong emphasis to the word or phrase before it, so it attaches directly to äģåš´ in äģåš´ãã. In this context, äģåš´ãã expresses determination or contrast, roughly emphasizing that this year, unlike last year, is the year the speaker wants to go to Kyoto.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: A:æčŋ、äģäēãåŋãããŽã§、äŧæŠã¯åããĒããããĢããĻããžã。 B:ããã¯ãããããžãã。( )。å°ãäŧãã§ãã、ãžãäģäēãããĻãã ãã。
ChoicesC
Explanation: 「〜ã¨ããã」 emphasizes that a particular situation is exactly when something is especially important or necessary. Here, the speaker disagrees with the idea of avoiding breaks when busy and immediately recommends taking a short rest, so 「äŧæŠã大åã§ã」 fits both the grammar and the flow of the conversation.
2: įĨæ¯ã¯é ãįēãĢäŊãã§ãããŽã§、ããžãäŧããžãã。ã§ã、įĨæ¯ãŽåŽļã¸čĄãã¨、ãã¤ãį§ãŽãããĢįščŖŊãŽæįãäŊãŖãĻãããžã。įĨæ¯ã¯、į§ã( )。
ChoicesC
Explanation: 「〜ããŗãĢ」 means “every time” and is used when the same thing regularly happens whenever a certain action or event occurs. Since the passage says that the grandmother always prepares special food when the speaker visits her, 「č¨ĒããããŗãĢ」 matches both the repeated situation and 「ãã¤ã」.
3: A:大åĻãŽå įã¨ããĻ、įēãŽæ´ģåãĢåå ããĻãããã§ãã。 B:ããã。大åĻãŽäģäēã§ã¯ãããžãã。ããŽįēãĢã¯ååš´åããäŊãã§ãããŽã§、å°åãŽ( )。
ChoicesA
Explanation: 「Nã¨ããĻ」 means “as N” or “in the role/capacity of N” and is used to show the position or status in which someone does something. Here, the speaker explicitly says that the activity is not related to university work and explains that they have lived in the town for ten years, so participating 「äŊæ°ã¨ããĻ」 fits the intended role.
4: ããŽæŠæã¯、äŊŋãå§ããã¨åŋ ã大ããĒéŗãããžã。äŊŋãåãĢã¯éŗãããžãã。ãããžã§ååäŊŋããžããã、ååã¨ãåãã§ãã。ããŽæŠæã¯、( )。
ChoicesC
Explanation: 「〜ããŗãĢ」 is used when the same thing happens every time a certain action occurs. The passage says that the equipment has been used ten times and made a loud noise on all ten occasions, so 「äŊŋãããŗãĢ」 accurately expresses this repeated pattern.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: čĒŦæãéŖããããĻ、äŊåēĻčãããŖãĻåãããžãã。
čĒŦæãéŖããããĻ、äŊåēĻčãããŖãĻåãããžãã。
Explanation: ~ããŖãĻ attaches to the verb’s ã-form, so čã becomes čãã + ãŖãĻ → čãããŖãĻ. It has a similar meaning to ~ãĻã and expresses that the result does not change even if the action is repeated or carried out. In this context, äŊåēĻ~ããŖãĻ naturally emphasizes that no matter how many times the speaker listens, they still cannot understand.
2: äŧč°ã§、į§ã¯åãå 厚ãäŊåēĻãčĒŦæããããããžãã。
äŧč°ã§、į§ã¯åãå 厚ãäŊåēĻãčĒŦæãããããžãã。
Explanation: For verbs ending in ãã, the causative-passive form is made with ããããã, so čĒŦæãã becomes čĒŦæããããã. The causative-passive expresses that the speaker was made or forced to do something, so čĒŦæãããããžãã naturally describes being made to explain the same content repeatedly.
3: äģãŽäēįŽããč¨ãã°、æ°ããæŠæãå ¨é¨č˛ˇããŽã¯éŖããã§ã。
äģãŽäēįŽããč¨ãã°、æ°ããæŠæãå ¨é¨č˛ˇããŽã¯éŖããã§ã。
Explanation: The ~ã° conditional of č¨ã is č¨ãã°, formed by changing the final ã to ã and adding ã°. In the pattern Nããč¨ãã°, the noun provides the viewpoint or basis for a judgment, so äģãŽäēįŽããč¨ãã° naturally introduces an evaluation based on the current budget.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
đ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ããŽæŦãčĒãããŗãĢ、æ°ããįēčĻããããžã。
Explanation: The pattern ~ããŗãĢ meaning “whenever / every time” attaches to the dictionary form of a verb, so čĒãããŗãĢ is correct.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: å°å ãŽåéãĢäŧãããŗãĢ、åäžãŽé ãŽčŠąãããžã。
Explanation: The pattern ~ããŗãĢ attaches directly to the dictionary form of a verb, so äŧãããŗãĢ is correct. The particle ㎠is used when ããŗãĢ follows a noun, as in æ čĄãŽããŗãĢ, but it cannot be inserted between a verb and ããŗãĢ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ããã¯ååŋč åããŽææãĒãŽã§、čĒŦæãããããããã§ã。
Explanation: ~åã behaves like a noun when it modifies another noun, so it is followed by ãŽ, as in ååŋč åããŽææ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: į°ä¸ããã¯äģ、å¤åŊãĢãããŽã§、äģããããŽæåŽ¤ãĢæĨãããããããžãã。
Explanation: Before ããããããžãã, a verb must be in its plain form. For a non-past affirmative verb, that means the dictionary form, so æĨãããããããžãã is correct.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: æ¨æĨã¯č˛Ąå¸ãåŽļãĢåŋãããŽã§、ãã§ãŗãŦãŧãã財ããžããã§ãã。
Explanation: With åŋãã, the thing that is forgotten is normally marked with ã, while the place where it was left can be marked with ãĢ. Therefore, 貥å¸ãåŽļãĢåŋãã is the natural structure.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ããŽäēēã¯äēååš´ãæĨæŦčĒãæããĻããžã。ååŋč ã ããããããžãã。
ããŽäēēã¯äēååš´ãæĨæŦčĒãæããĻããžã。ååŋč ãĒããããããžãã。
Explanation: With 〜ããããĒã / 〜ããããããžãã, a noun is normally followed by ãĒ, not ã : N + ãĒããããĒã.
2: äŧč˛ģãéãããã¨ã、åššäēã¨ããĻãĒåããĻãŽäģäēã§ã。
äŧč˛ģãéãããã¨ã、åššäēã¨ããĻãŽåããĻãŽäģäēã§ã。
Explanation: When ã¨ããĻ is used before a noun, it takes ãŽ, forming Nã¨ããĻ㎠+ noun.
3: ããŽææã¯åããĻæĨæŦčĒãååŧˇããäēēåããĒãã§ãã。ᎴįŋåéĄãį°ĄåãŽããã§ã。
ããŽææã¯åããĻæĨæŦčĒãååŧˇããäēēåããĒãã§ãã。ᎴįŋåéĄãį°ĄåãĒããã§ã。
Explanation: Before 〜ããã§ã, a ãĒ-adjective uses ãĒ, so į°Ąå becomes į°ĄåãĒããã§ã. The pattern ãĒ-adjective + ãĒ + ããã§ã is used here to express a conclusion that now makes sense based on the previous information.
4: åŋããã ãããã、åŽļæã¨čŠąãæéã大åãĢããĻããžã。
åŋãããããã、åŽļæã¨čŠąãæéã大åãĢããĻããžã。
Explanation: With an ã-adjective, ãããã attaches directly to the adjective, so the correct form is åŋãããããã. 〜ãããã adds emphasis to the reason and means that precisely because of that situation, the following action or result occurs.
5: å¤ã¯ä¸ååēĻãããŖãĻ、ããŽé¨åąãĢã¯ã¨ãĸãŗãŗããããžãã。å¯ããĒããããããžãã。
å¤ã¯ä¸ååēĻãããŖãĻ、ããŽé¨åąãĢã¯ã¨ãĸãŗãŗããããžãã。å¯ãããããããžãã。
Explanation: With an ã-adjective, 〜ããããĒã / 〜ããããããžãã attaches directly to the adjective, so å¯ãããããããžãã is correct. The particle ãĒ is used with ãĒ-adjectives and nouns in certain patterns, but not after an ã-adjective.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: įĄæã§ã、čåŗãŽãĒãæ įģã¯čĻãããĒãã。
įĄæã ãŖãĻ、čåŗãŽãĒãæ įģã¯čĻãããĒãã。
Explanation: ~ãĻã neutrally expresses a concessive condition, meaning that the result does not change even under that circumstance. ~ã ãŖãĻ can express a similar idea with nouns, but it sounds more conversational and often adds emphasis, roughly presenting the noun as an example of an extreme or noteworthy case. Here, įĄæã ãŖãĻ emphasizes that even the attractive condition of something being free is not enough to change the speaker’s lack of interest.
2: äģãŽäēįŽãčããã¨、æ°ããæŠæã財ããŽã¯éŖããã§ã。
äģãŽäēįŽããč¨ãã¨、æ°ããæŠæã財ããŽã¯éŖããã§ã。
Explanation: ~ãčãã㨠means “when considering…” and directly highlights the act of taking something into account. Nããč¨ã㨠means “from the standpoint of…” or “judging from…,” so it presents the noun as the basis for an evaluation. Here, äēįŽããč¨ã㨠frames the current budget as the criterion used to judge whether buying new equipment is feasible.
3: čžæ¸ãäŊŋããĒãã§、ããŽæįĢ ãčĒãã§ãã ãã。
čžæ¸ãäŊŋãããĢ、ããŽæįĢ ãčĒãã§ãã ãã。
Explanation: VãĒãã§ and VããĢ can both mean “without doing…,” so the basic meaning stays the same. ~ããĢ is more formal and written in tone, while ~ãĒãã§ is more common in everyday speech. With äŊŋã, remove ãĒã from äŊŋããĒã and add ããĢ, giving äŊŋãããĢ.
4: ããŽæŠæã¯åŽããĻã、äŊŋãäēåŽããĒããã財ããĒãã。
ããŽæŠæã¯åŽãããŖãĻ、äŊŋãäēåŽããĒããã財ããĒãã。
Explanation: ~ãĻã expresses a neutral concessive meaning, while ~ããŖãĻ is more conversational and often gives the sentence a stronger, more emphatic tone. With an ã-adjective like åŽã, the form becomes åŽãããŖãĻ. Here, it stresses that even if the equipment is cheap, that condition is still not enough to make the speaker buy it.
5: åŽļčŗãčããã°、ããŽįŠäģļãŽãģããããã§ã。
åŽļčŗããč¨ãã°、ããŽįŠäģļãŽãģããããã§ã。
Explanation: ~ãčããã° means “if we consider…” and focuses on taking a factor into account. Nããč¨ãã° means “from the standpoint of…” or “judging by…,” so it frames the noun as the specific criterion used for comparison. Here, åŽļčŗããč¨ãã° makes it clear that the property is considered better specifically in terms of rent, not necessarily in every respect.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
đ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: æ¨æĨã¯ååŧˇãããĢå¯ãĻããžãŖããŽã§、äģæĨã¯æããæį§æ¸ãčĒãã§ããžã。
Explanation: The pattern ~ããĢ is formed from the negative stem of the verb. With ãã, the form is irregular: ãããĢ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: įļã¯å¤§åĻãŽææã¨ããĻåããĻããžã。
Explanation: ~ã¨ããĻ can directly modify a verb to express the role or position in which someone acts, so ææã¨ããĻåããĻããžã is correct. The form ~ã¨ããĻ㎠is used before a noun, as in ææã¨ããĻãŽäģäē, and cannot be placed directly before the verb åããĻããžã.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: æ°ããææãĢã¤ããĻčĒŋãšãĻãã、財ãããŠããæąēããžã。
Explanation: ~ãĢã¤ããĻ can directly modify a verb, as in ææãĢã¤ããĻčĒŋãšã, meaning to investigate or research something about that topic. The form ~ãĢã¤ããĻ㎠is used before a noun, such as ææãĢã¤ããĻãŽčĒŦæ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: åģåš´ãĢæ¯ãšãĻ、äģåš´ã¯äēįŽãå¤§åš ãĢæ¸ããžãã。
Explanation: æ¸ã is an intransitive verb, so the thing that decreases is marked with ã, as in äēįŽãæ¸ããžãã. Using ã would require the transitive verb æ¸ãã, for example äēįŽãå¤§åš ãĢæ¸ãããžãã.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: åäžãŽé 、į§ã¯éčãåĢãã§ãã。ã§ã、æ¯ã¯æ¯æŠ「å ¨é¨éŖãšãĒãã」ã¨č¨ããžãã。éŖãšãããĒããĻã、ãã¤ãæ¯ãĢ( )。
ChoicesB
Explanation: éŖãšãããããžãã is the causative-passive form of éŖãšã and expresses being made or forced to do something by someone else. Here, the speaker did not want to eat the vegetables, but the mother repeatedly told the child to eat everything, so this form matches both the grammar and the context.
2: äģæã¯čĩˇãããŽãé ããĒãŖãĻ、åŽļãåēããžã§äēåãããããžããã§ãã。åĻæ ĄãĢįããžã§äŊãéŖãšãžããã§ãã。æãéŖ¯ã( )åĻæ Ąã¸čĄããžãã。
ChoicesC
Explanation: VãĒã-form + ããĢ means “without doing V” and is used when one action happens while another action is deliberately or simply not done. Since the context explicitly says åĻæ ĄãĢįããžã§äŊãéŖãšãžããã§ãã, the speaker went to school without eating breakfast.
3: æ¨æĨ、åēã§įščŖŊãŽãã§ãŗãŦãŧããčĻãžããã、財ããžããã§ãã。äģæĨ、財ããĢčĄãã¨、ãããããžããã§ãã。äģ、ã¨ãĻãåžæããĻããžã。æ¨æĨ( )。
ChoicesC
Explanation: Vã°ãããŖã is used to express regret about something the speaker did not do and now wishes they had done. Since the speaker saw the chocolate yesterday, did not buy it, and later found that it was gone, 財ãã°ãããŖãã§ã fits the situation exactly.
4: A:ããŽæŠæ、ä¸ä¸åãŽäēįŽã§äēå°č˛ˇããžãã。 B:ä¸å°äēä¸åã§、äēå°č˛ˇãŖãĻãåŽããĒããžãã。åä¸åããããžããã、ä¸ä¸åã§( )。
ChoicesD
Explanation: Vãããããããžãã expresses that something is impossible or cannot reasonably be true based on the facts. Here, two units cost 40,000 yen and the budget is only 30,000 yen, so äēå°č˛ˇããããããããžãã follows logically from the calculation.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: äģæã¯æéããĒããĻ、æãéŖ¯ãéŖãšãĒãããĢåŽļãåēãžãã。
äģæã¯æéããĒããĻ、æãéŖ¯ãéŖãšããĢåŽļãåēãžãã。
Explanation: To form 〜ããĢ, remove ãĒã from the negative form and add ããĢ: éŖãšãĒã → éŖãšããĢ.
2: ãŗãŧããŧãéŖ˛ãã ã、į ããĒããĒããžãã。å¯ãåãĢéŖ˛ãžãĒãã°ãããŖãã§ã。
ãŗãŧããŧãéŖ˛ãã ã、į ããĒããĒããžãã。å¯ãåãĢéŖ˛ãžãĒããã°ãããŖãã§ã。
Explanation: For the negative form of 〜ã°ãããŖã, change 〜ãĒã to 〜ãĒããã°: éŖ˛ãžãĒã → éŖ˛ãžãĒããã°ãããŖã.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: æĨææĨã§ã、äģäēãããã°äŧį¤žãĢčĄãã。
æĨææĨã ãŖãĻ、äģäēãããã°äŧį¤žãĢčĄãã。
Explanation: ~ã§ã presents Sunday neutrally as one possible circumstance in which the action may still happen. ~ã ãŖãĻ has a more colloquial and emphatic nuance, highlighting Sunday as a notable case—something like “even on Sunday.” In this context, it stresses that having to go to work applies even on a day when people would normally expect not to work.
2: äģäēãåŋãããã、įšãĢäŧæŠãåŋ čĻãĒãã§ã。
äģäēãåŋãããããã、äŧæŠãåŋ čĻãĒãã§ã。
Explanation: ~ãã simply gives a reason, while ~ãããã strongly emphasizes that this particular reason is exactly why the result follows. Here, it highlights that being busy is not just background information; it is precisely because the work is busy that taking a break becomes necessary.
3: åģåš´ãã、äģåš´ã¯äēįŽãå¤§åš ãĢæ¸ãŖãĻããžã。
åģåš´ãĢæ¯ãšãĻ、äģåš´ã¯äēįŽãå¤§åš ãĢæ¸ãŖãĻããžã。
Explanation: ~ãã marks a simple comparison and is very common in both speech and writing. ~ãĢæ¯ãšãĻ more explicitly sets one item as the reference point for comparison, so it often sounds slightly more analytical or descriptive. Here, åģåš´ãĢæ¯ãšãĻ emphasizes that last year is the baseline used to evaluate how much this year’s budget has decreased.
đŦ Complete the Dialogue
Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.
Question 1:
A:æ°ãããĸããŧãã¯、ãŠãã§ãã。
B:é§
ãžã§åžæŠäēåã§ãã、čŋããĢãšãŧããŧããããžã。
A:åãŽãĸããŧãã¯、é§
ãžã§ããšã§ä¸ååã§ããã。
B:____________。
ã¯ã。åãŽãĸããŧããĢæ¯ãšãĻ、ããŖã¨äžŋåŠã§ã。
Explanation: The Suggested Answer: ã¯ã。åãŽãĸããŧããĢæ¯ãšãĻ、ããŖã¨äžŋåŠã§ã。 fits naturally because the dialogue contrasts the current apartment with the previous one. NãĢæ¯ãšãĻ is used to make a direct comparison with a reference point, here åãŽãĸããŧã, while ããŖã¨ emphasizes that the difference is significant. The earlier details about walking five minutes to the station and having a supermarket nearby provide clear reasons for describing the new apartment as äžŋåŠ.
Question 2:
A:é´æ¨ããã¯、ããįŠē港ãĢįããã§ãããã。
B:åååãžã§、ããã§ä¸įˇãĢ芹ããĻããžããã。įŠē港ãžã§ã¯ä¸æéããããžã。
A:____________。
ãããĒã、ããįããĻããããããããžããã。
Explanation: The Suggested Answer: ãããĒã、ããįããĻããããããããžããã。 fits well because the speaker has just learned that Suzuki was still there only ten minutes ago and that the airport is an hour away. ~ããããĒã expresses that something is logically impossible or cannot reasonably be true based on the available facts, so it is very natural here. The use of ããįããĻãã specifically refers to the idea that Suzuki has already arrived at the airport.
Question 3:
A:ããŽįļ、ã´ãįŽąãĢå
Ĩããžãã。
B:åž
ãŖãĻãã ãã。ãžã ãããã§ãã、å°ããčąãå
Ĩããããžãã。
A:____________。
B:ãã。įĒãŽčŋããĢįŊŽããžããã。
ãããĒã、æ¨ãĻããĢäŊŋããžããã。
Explanation: The Suggested Answer: ãããĒã、æ¨ãĻããĢäŊŋããžããã。 fits the context because B suggests reusing the bottle instead of throwing it away. VããĢ means “without doing V,” so æ¨ãĻããĢäŊŋã naturally expresses the idea of using the bottle without discarding it. The following line about placing it near the window also supports the decision to reuse it as a flower container.
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