Day N5 - 4 - Grammar Practice

Complementary Exercises: Daily N5 - Day 4

After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N5-4.

These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns, and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into two study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.

📘 Haven't studied the shadowing lesson yet? Read and practice the original text here.

Grammar practiced:
✓ いつ
✓ 〜か、〜か
✓ 〜から〜まで
✓ time periods
✓ telling time

1. Understand

Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 受付はいつからですか。

B: 会議は午前十一時十五分です。

C: 学校は午後四時までです。

D: 会議は午後十五時です。

Answer
D
Correct Sentence: 会議は午後三時です。
Explanation: In Japanese, 午前（ごぜん） and 午後（ごご） are used with the 12-hour clock, so the hour after 午後 should normally be from 一時 to 十二時. 十五時, on the other hand, is already a 24-hour-clock expression, so combining it with 午後 is redundant and unnatural. You can say 午後三時 using the 12-hour system or 十五時 using the 24-hour system.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 会議は午前九時から午前十一時までです。

B: 父は海外に二週間います。

C: これは傘ですか、鞄だですか。

D: あれはノートですか、雑誌ですか。

Answer
C
Correct Sentence: これは傘ですか、鞄ですか。
Explanation: The form だです is incorrect because だ and です are both copulas and cannot be combined in this way. In a polite question with a noun, use ですか, as in 鞄ですか. The plain form だ can be used in other sentence patterns, but it should not be placed directly before です.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 会議は午前ですか、午後ますか。

B: あの人は社長ですか、部長ですか。

C: 食堂は午前十一時から午後二時までです。

D: 先生は学校にいます。

Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 会議は午前ですか、午後ですか。
Explanation: ます is an auxiliary used with verbs, so it cannot follow a noun such as 午後. When a noun is used as the predicate in a polite question, use ですか instead. Therefore, 午後ですか is the appropriate form when asking whether something takes place in the afternoon.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 会議は午前九時半分です。

B: 受付は午前九時です。

C: 父は海外に二か月います。

D: 会議はいつですか。

Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 会議は午前九時半です。
Explanation: When telling time in Japanese, 半（はん） means “half past” and is placed directly after the hour, as in 九時半. 半分（はんぶん） means “half” in the sense of one half of an amount, quantity, or object, so it is not used to express thirty minutes past an hour.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: A：社長は（　　　　　　）海外へ行きますか。 B：来週行きます。

Choices

A: 何時間

B: いつ

C: 何時に

D: 午前ですか、午後ですか

Answer
B
Explanation: 「いつ」 is used to ask generally when an event will happen, and the answer can be a day, week, month, or other time period, such as 「来週」. In contrast, 「何時に」 asks for a specific clock time, such as 10:00 or 3:30, so it would not match an answer that only says “next week.” 「何時間」 asks about duration (“how many hours”), while 「午前ですか、午後ですか」 asks whether something happens in the morning or afternoon and does not fit grammatically in this blank.

2: A：部長は（　　　　　　）会社に来ますか。 B：明後日来ます。

Choices

A: 午前ですか、午後ですか

B: 何時間

C: 午前九時から午後五時まで

D: いつ

Answer
D
Explanation: 「いつ」 is used to ask generally when someone will come or when an event will happen, so it matches an answer such as 「明後日」 (“the day after tomorrow”). 「何時間」 asks about a length of time and does not naturally ask when someone will arrive, while 「午前九時から午後五時まで」 expresses a time range rather than a question word. 「午前ですか、午後ですか」 can be used to ask “morning or afternoon?” but cannot be inserted naturally into this sentence structure as written.

3: A：受付は何時から何時までですか。 B：午前九時（　　　　　　）。

Choices

A: で午後五時です

B: から午後五時までです

C: まで午後五時からです

D: ですか、午後五時ですか

Answer
B
Explanation: The pattern 「～から～まで」 is used to express a range from a starting point to an ending point, so 「午前九時から午後五時までです」 appropriately answers a question asking “from what time to what time.” 「で」 cannot replace 「から」 to indicate the beginning of a time range, and reversing 「まで」 and 「から」 produces an incorrect sequence. 「ですか、午後五時ですか」 can form an “A or B?” question, but it would be another question rather than an answer giving the reception hours.

4: 私は午前九時（　　　　　　）会社にいます。

Choices

A: から午後一時から

B: から午後一時まで

C: まで午後一時から

D: ですか、午後一時ですか

Answer
B
Explanation: から」 marks the starting point of a time period, while 「まで」 marks the ending point, so the pattern 「午前九時から午後一時まで」 means “from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.” The other choices either repeat 「から」, reverse the natural order of 「から」 and 「まで」, or turn the sentence into a question instead of stating a time range.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: 会議は午前十時まで午後一時までです。

Answer
会議は午前十時から午後一時までです。
Explanation: から marks the starting point of a time period, while まで marks its ending point. When giving a range such as the time during which a meeting takes place, Japanese normally uses the pattern XからYまで (“from X to Y”). Using まで for both times does not correctly indicate where the period begins, so the first まで should be replaced with から.

2: 先生は教室からに食堂まで行きます。

Answer
先生は教室から食堂まで行きます。
Explanation: から marks the starting point of an action or movement and is attached directly to the place where the movement begins. It should not be followed by に in this pattern. When expressing movement from one place to another endpoint, Japanese can use AからBまで, so 教室から食堂まで correctly means that the movement starts at the classroom and extends as far as the cafeteria.

3: 会議はいつにでしたか。

Answer
会議はいつでしたか。
Explanation: When いつ (“when”) asks for the time or date of something in a sentence with です, it can appear directly before です／でした without a particle.

2. Practice

Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 会議はいつですか。

B: 受付は午前九時から午後五時までです。

C: 会議は午前十時から午後一時までからです。

D: 部長は明日から海外にいます。

Answer
C
Correct Sentence: 会議は午前十時から午後一時までです。
Explanation: To express a time range in Japanese, use から after the starting time and まで after the ending time, following the pattern XからYまでです.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 会議は一時間半です。

B: 会議は三時間半分です。

C: 受付は午前九時からです。

D: これはノートですか、手帳ですか。

Answer
B
Correct Sentence: 会議は三時間半です。
Explanation: When expressing a duration such as “three and a half hours,” Japanese uses 半（はん） directly after the time unit, as in 三時間半.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 会議は午前十時です。

B: 父は先週から海外にいます。

C: 受付はいつからですか。

D: 先生はいつ学校にいますですか。

Answer
D
Correct Sentence: 先生はいつ学校にいますか。
Explanation: います is already the polite form of the verb いる, so it does not take です after it. To make a polite question with this verb, simply add か to います, giving いますか.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices

A: 社長は海外に二週間います。

B: 父は海外に二か月からいます。

C: 先生は学校にいます。

D: 会議は午後三時です。

Answer
B
Correct Sentence: 父は海外に二か月います。
Explanation: A duration such as 二か月 can be used directly with います to show how long someone stays somewhere, so no particle is needed after it. から marks a starting point in time, so if the intended meaning is “since two months ago,” Japanese would require an expression such as 二か月前から, not 二か月から.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: 会議は午後三時にです。

Answer
会議は午後三時です。
Explanation: The particle に is commonly used after a specific time when that time modifies a verb, as in 三時に始まります (“starts at three”). However, when です directly identifies the scheduled time of an event, the time expression functions as the predicate itself and does not take に. Therefore, 午後三時です is the natural pattern for stating that the meeting is at 3 p.m.

2: 会議は九時午前です。

Answer
会議は午前九時です。
Explanation: In Japanese, 午前 (“a.m.”) and 午後 (“p.m.”) are placed before the clock time, so the standard order is 午前九時, not 九時午前.

3: 受付は午前八時半分からです。

Answer
受付は午前八時半からです。
Explanation: 半 is used after an hour to mean “half past,” as in 八時半. In contrast, 半分 means “half” in the sense of half of an amount, portion, or quantity, so it cannot be used to form a clock time. You can also express the same time as 八時三十分, but when using the shorter form, 半 must be used without 分.

4: 会議は午後三時十五時にあります。

Answer
会議は午後三時十五分にあります。
Explanation: When telling time in Japanese, 時 is used after the hour and 分 is used after the number of minutes, so a time such as 3:15 follows the pattern 三時十五分. Using 時 after both 三 and 十五 incorrectly treats both numbers as hours. Since 十五 represents the minutes here, it must be followed by 分.

5: 会議はいつにありますか。

Answer
会議はいつありますか。
Explanation: Specific time expressions can take に with a verb, as in 三時にあります, but the question word いつ normally does not take に when asking when an event occurs.

💬 Complete the Dialogue

Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.

Complete the dialogue using: telling time

Question 1:
A：明後日、会議があります。
B：午前ですか。
A：午前です。
B：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
A：午前十時です。

Suggested Answer
会議は何時ですか。
Explanation: Since the speakers have already established that the meeting is in the morning, B now needs to ask for the specific time.

Complete the dialogue using: telling time

Question 2:
A：友達は明日、学校に来ます。
B：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
A：午後三時に来ます。
B：私も午後、学校にいます。

Suggested Answer
友達は何時に学校に来ますか。
Explanation: B knows that the friend will come to school tomorrow but does not yet know the specific time. The Suggested Answer「友達は何時に学校に来ますか。」 fits naturally because 何時（なんじ） asks for a specific time, and the particle に marks the time at which an action takes place. This prepares for A’s response with 午後三時に, giving the exact time and providing clear practice with telling time and the time particle に.

Complete the dialogue using: time periods

Question 3:
A：明後日、会議があります。
B：午前ですか。
A：午後です。
B：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
A：二時間です。

Suggested Answer
会議は何時間ですか。
Explanation: After learning that the meeting is in the afternoon, B asks about how long it will last. The Suggested Answer「会議は何時間ですか。」 fits the context because 何時間（なんじかん） is used to ask about a duration in hours, rather than the specific time when something happens. A can therefore answer with 二時間, which gives the length of the meeting and clearly practices expressing duration in Japanese.

Complete the dialogue using: time periods

Question 4:
A：部長は明日、海外に行きます。
B：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
A：三日間です。
B：社長も行きますか。
A：社長は会社にいます。

Suggested Answer
部長は何日間海外にいますか。
Explanation: B already knows that the department manager is going abroad, so the missing question naturally asks how long the manager will stay there. The Suggested Answer「部長は何日間海外にいますか。」 fits well because 何日間（なんにちかん） asks for a duration measured in days, while 海外にいます expresses being or staying abroad. This leads naturally to the answer 三日間, giving the length of the stay and clearly practicing how to ask and answer about duration in Japanese.

Complete the dialogue using: 〜か、〜か

Question 5:
A：あの人は社長ですか。
B：いいえ、社長ではありません。
A：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
B：部長です。

Suggested Answer
あの人は課長ですか、部長ですか。
Explanation: After learning that the person is not the company president, A asks B to choose between two possible positions. The Suggested Answer「あの人は課長ですか、部長ですか。」 fits naturally because the pattern 〜ですか、〜ですか presents two alternatives and asks which one is correct. Since B answers with 部長です, the dialogue clearly shows how this grammar is used to ask an either-or question in Japanese.

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AI-generated content

The dialogue, images, audio, and exercises on this page were generated with the help of artificial intelligence for Japanese study practice. All content has been reviewed, adapted, and organized.