Day N4 - 9 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 9
After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-9.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.
Grammar practiced:
✓ V[ใ-form]ใฐใใ～
✓ Plain form ใใใงใ
✓ ใใ
✓ V［dictionary form］ใใใซใชใใพใ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ใใใซ่ปใใๆญขใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The particle ใใ is used with a negative predicate and generally replaces the particle that would normally mark the noun in that construction. Since ๆญขใใ takes ใ when expressing “park a car” (่ปใๆญขใใ), the noun can become ่ปใใ when used with ใใ～ใชใ; ่ปใใใ is therefore not grammatical.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๅฝผใฏ่ชๅใฎๅๅใใๆธใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใใ is normally used with a negative predicate to express a limitation such as “only” or “nothing but.” Therefore, when ใใ is used with a potential verb such as ๆธใใ, the verb must be in its negative form: ๆธใใพใใ, not ๆธใใพใ. The other sentences use ใใ～ใชใ or an ordinary affirmative verb correctly.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๅ ็ใฏไปๆฅไผใใใใงใ。
Explanation: The reporting pattern ～ใใใงใ (“I hear that…” / “apparently…”) is attached directly to the plain form of a verb, so verbs such as ไผใ and ๆฅใชใ are followed by ใใใงใ without ใ . In contrast, ใช-adjectives and nouns use ใ ใใใงใ, as in ไพฟๅฉใ ใใใงใ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆๆฅใฏ้จใ้ใใใใงใ。
Explanation: With ～ใใใงใ used to report information you have heard or learned, a verb must be in the plain form before ใใใงใ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ็งใฏใใฎ็้ฃฏๅจใๅ ้ฑ่ฒทใฃใ（ ）。ใ ใใ、ใพใ ไฝฟใๆนใใใใใใใพใใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: Vใใฐใใใงใ」is used when an action has happened recently, from the speaker’s point of view. Here, 「ๅ ้ฑ่ฒทใฃใ」describes a recent purchase, and the following sentence explains that the speaker is still unfamiliar with how to use the rice cooker. 「ใใใงใ」would not fit because there is no meaning of appearance or hearsay, while 「ใใใใใพใใ」and 「ใงใใใ」express uncertainty or probability rather than the idea of having done something recently. Note that 「ใฐใใ」does not necessarily mean “just now”; depending on the context, it can refer to something that happened days or even longer ago but is still considered recent by the speaker.
2: ็งใฏใใฎ่ฃฝๅใๅ ๆ่ฒทใฃใ（ ）。ใพใ ใใพใไฝฟใฃใฆใใพใใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: 「Vใใฐใใใงใ」is used to say that something happened recently from the speaker’s point of view.
3: ๆจๆฅใฏๅฟใใใฆ、3ๆ้ใใ（ ）。
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「ใใ」is used with a negative form to mean “only” or “nothing but.”
4: ่ฒกๅธใฎไธญใซ100ๅใใ（ ）ใใ、ไฝใ่ฒทใใพใใ。
ChoicesC
Explanation: 「ใใ」is used with a negative form to express a limited amount, meaning “only” or “nothing but.”
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ใณใใใๅฒใใพใใฐใใใงใ。
ใณใใใๅฒใฃใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: The pattern Vใ + ใฐใใใงใ means “have just done V” and requires the ใ-form.
2: ่ฒกๅธใซ100ๅใใใใใพใ。
่ฒกๅธใซ100ๅใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใใ must be used with a negative predicate and means “only.”
3: ็ฐไธญใใใฏใฉใกใใซใใใ่ฟทใฃใฆใใพใใใใงใ。
็ฐไธญใใใฏใฉใกใใซใใใ่ฟทใฃใฆใใใใใงใ。
Explanation: When ใใใงใ is used to report what someone is doing or what you heard about a situation, it follows the plain form.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏ้ซใใใใงใ。
Explanation: When ～ใใใงใ is used to report information you heard or learned, it follows the plain form of the word before it. ใ-adjectives such as ้ซใ and ้ข็ฝใ are followed directly by ใใใงใ, without ใ . In contrast, nouns and ใช-adjectives require ใ ใใใงใ, as in ไพฟๅฉใ ใใใงใ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆจๆฅใฏ3ๆ้ใใๅฏใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ใใ expresses a limitation and must be used with a negative predicate, so the verb that follows it needs to be in a negative form.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ใ่ นใใใใฆใใชใใฎใฏ、ใใฃใ้ฃในใใฐใใใ ใใใงใ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใใฐใใ is used to say that an action was completed recently, so it must follow the ใ-form of the verb.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๅฝผใฏๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใฐใใใฎไบบใงใ。
Explanation: When ～ใใฐใใ modifies a noun directly, it is followed by ใฎ, not ใช.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ใใฎไบบใฏไผ็คพๅกใ ใใใงใ。
Explanation: When ～ใใใงใ reports information that the speaker has heard or learned, nouns and ใช-adjectives require ใ before ใใใงใ.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๆใใฏใใฏใใณใใ้ฃในใพใใ。
ๆใใฏใใฏใใณใใ้ฃในใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ใใ must be used with a negative predicate and means “only.”
2: ็งใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใใๅบๆฅใพใ。
็งใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใใๅบๆฅใพใใ。
Explanation: ใใ must be used with a negative predicate and means “only.”
3: ๆผใใฏใใ้ฃในใพใใฐใใใงใ。
ๆผใใฏใใ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: Vใ + ใฐใใใงใ is used to say that someone has just done something, so ใฐใใ must follow the verb’s ใ-form.
4: ๅฝผใฏๅญฆ็ใใใงใ。
ๅฝผใฏๅญฆ็ใ ใใใงใ。
Explanation: When ใใใงใ means “I hear that…” or “it is said that…,” a noun must be followed by ใ before ใใใงใ.
5: ็งใฎ็ญใใฏ้ใใ ใใใงใ。
็งใฎ็ญใใฏ้ใใใใงใ。
Explanation: When ใใใงใ is used to report information (“I hear that…”), it follows the plain form of the clause being reported. ้ใ is a verb, and its plain form is already ้ใ, so it connects directly to ใใใงใ as ้ใใใใงใ.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ใณใใใไธใคใ ใๆใฃใฆใใพใ。
ใณใใใไธใคใใๆใฃใฆใใพใใ。
Explanation: The original sentence uses ใ ใ to neutrally emphasize that the quantity is limited to one, while ใใ requires a negative form and gives a stronger sense of limitation or insufficiency, emphasizing that one is the only amount you have. Both sentences are natural and convey essentially the same basic information, but ใใ〜ใชใ tends to sound more restrictive or emphatic than ใ ใ.
2: ใใฃใใณใใใๅฒใใพใใ。
ใใฃใใณใใใๅฒใฃใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: The original sentence simply states that the action happened a short time ago, without strongly emphasizing how recent it was. Vใใฐใใ specifically highlights that the action has just been completed and is still considered recent from the speaker’s perspective. ใใฃใ already indicates “a little while ago,” so using it together with 〜ใใฐใใ is natural and adds emphasis to the recency of the action.
3: ใใฎ็้ฃฏๅจใ่ฒทใใพใใ。
ใใฎ็้ฃฏๅจใ่ฒทใฃใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: The original sentence simply states that the purchase happened, without specifying how recently it occurred. Vใใฐใใใงใ emphasizes that the action was completed only recently, with the exact length of “recently” depending on the speaker’s perspective.
4: ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใพใใ。
ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: The original sentence simply states the fact that the speaker came to Japan, without emphasizing when it happened. Vใใฐใใใงใ highlights that the action was completed recently, so the answer gives the listener a stronger sense that the speaker has only just arrived.
5: ๅฝผใซ้ป่ฉฑใใใใพใใ。
ๅฝผใซ้ป่ฉฑใใใใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: The original sentence simply reports that the phone call happened, without focusing on how recently it occurred. Vใใฐใใใงใ emphasizes that the action was completed only a short time ago, giving the sentence a stronger sense of recency.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๆฅๆฌใธๆฅใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: ～ใใฐใใ is used to express that an action was completed recently, so it must follow the ใ-form of the verb.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๅฝผใฏ่กใใชใใฃใใใใงใ。
Explanation: When ～ใใใงใ is used to report information that you heard or learned, it follows the verb’s plain form directly, including the plain negative past form.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๅบใซ็ใใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใใฐใใ expresses that an action has just been completed, so it must follow the verb’s ใ-form.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใ่ฉฑใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใใ expresses a limitation and is normally used with a negative predicate, creating the pattern ใใ～ใชใ (“only…”).
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ๅ้ใใ่ใใใใงใใ、ใใฎๅบใฏไปๆฅ（ ）。
ChoicesC
Explanation: 「〜ใใใงใ」can be used to report information that the speaker heard from someone else.
2: ็งใฏใใฃใๆผใใฏใใ้ฃในใ（ ）。ใ ใใ、ใพใ ใ่ นใใใฃใฑใใงใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「Vใใฐใใใงใ」is used to say that an action happened recently from the speaker’s point of view.
3: ็งใฏๆฐใใใณใใใ่ฒทใฃใ（ ）。ใงใ、ใใๅฒใฃใฆใใพใใพใใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「Vใใฐใใใงใ」is used to say that an action happened recently from the speaker’s point of view.
4: ๆใฏๅฟใใใฎใง、ใณใผใใผใใ（ ）。
ChoicesA
Explanation: 「ใใ」is used with a negative form to express a limited choice or amount, meaning “only” or “nothing but.”.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ใใฎ็้ฃฏๅจใฏ่ฒทใใพใใฐใใใงใ。
ใใฎ็้ฃฏๅจใฏ่ฒทใฃใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: Vใ + ใฐใใใงใ is used to indicate that someone has just done something, so the verb before ใฐใใ must be in the ใ-form.
2: ๆๆฅใฏ้จใ้ใใพใใใใงใ。
ๆๆฅใฏ้จใ้ใใใใงใ。
Explanation: When ใใใงใ is used to report information such as a forecast or something you have heard, it follows the plain form of the verb.
3: ้ง ใซ็ใใพใใฐใใใงใ。
้ง ใซ็ใใใฐใใใงใ。
Explanation: Vใ + ใฐใใใงใ is used to express that someone has just done something, so the verb before ใฐใใ must be in the ใ-form.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๅฝผใฏๆ็ใ ใๅบๆฅใพใ。
ๅฝผใฏๆ็ใใๅบๆฅใพใใ。
Explanation: Both sentences express that cooking is the only thing he can do, but ใ ใ presents the limitation more neutrally, while ใใ〜ใชใ places stronger emphasis on the restriction and can imply that his abilities are limited to cooking. Because ใใ requires a negative form, ใงใใพใ changes to ใงใใพใใ in the rewritten sentence.
2: ไปไบใฏใใ็ตใใฃใใจ่ใใพใใ。
ไปไบใฏใใ็ตใใฃใใใใงใ。
Explanation: Both sentences report information the speaker received from another source, but 〜ใจ่ใใพใใ focuses more explicitly on the act of hearing or being told the information, while 〜ใใใงใ presents the information as something the speaker heard and is now reporting. The plain form is used before ใใใงใ when conveying hearsay, so ็ตใใฃใ remains in the plain past form.
3: ่ฒกๅธใฎไธญใซ100ๅใ ใใใใพใ。
่ฒกๅธใฎไธญใซ100ๅใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: Both sentences express that the amount is limited to 100 yen, but ใ ใ presents this limitation more neutrally, while ใใ〜ใชใ gives a stronger sense of restriction and can imply that 100 yen is a small or insufficient amount. With ใใ, the predicate must be negative, so ใใใพใ changes to ใใใพใใ.
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