Day N4 - 4 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 4
After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-4.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.
๐ Haven't studied the shadowing lesson yet?
Read and practice the original text here.
Grammar practiced:
✓ question ～ใ、～
✓ Plain form ใจ/ใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ
✓ Plainใ、Plainใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใพใใพใ
✓ ～ใงใใใ
✓ ～ใใ～
✓ V[dictionary form]ไบๅฎใงใ
✓ Volitional form
✓ V[volitional form]ใจๆใฃใฆใใพใ
✓ V［dictionary form］ใฎใซ
✓ ใปใใ adj ใงใ
✓ V［conditional form］ใใใงใใ
✓ 〜ใใใใใพใใ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ใใฎๅบใฏๅฎใใ、ใใใใใ、ใใคใๆททใใงใใพใ。
B: ๅฝผใฏๅชใใใ、้ ผใใซใชใใ、ใฟใใชใซไบบๆฐใงใ。
C: ใใฎใขใใผใใฏ้ใใ、้ง
ใใ่ฟใใ、ใใใงใ。
D: ไปๆฅใฏ้ ญใ็ใใ、็ฑใใใใ、ๅญฆๆ กใไผใฟใพใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ใใฎใขใใผใใฏ้ใใ ใ、้ง ใใ่ฟใใ、ใใใงใ。
Explanation: 「้ใ」 is a ใช-adjective, so it must be followed by 「ใ 」 before 「ใ」. The other choices use 「ใ」 correctly: 「ๅฎใใ」 and 「ใใใใใ」 are ใ-adjectives, while 「ๅชใใใ」, 「้ ผใใซใชใใ」, 「้ ญใ็ใใ」, and 「็ฑใใใใ」 are all grammatically appropriate. Therefore, the sentence in C is incorrect because 「้ใใ」 is not grammatically correct.
C
Correct Sentence: ใใฎใขใใผใใฏ้ใใ ใ、้ง ใใ่ฟใใ、ใใใงใ。
Explanation: 「้ใ」 is a ใช-adjective, so it must be followed by 「ใ 」 before 「ใ」. The other choices use 「ใ」 correctly: 「ๅฎใใ」 and 「ใใใใใ」 are ใ-adjectives, while 「ๅชใใใ」, 「้ ผใใซใชใใ」, 「้ ญใ็ใใ」, and 「็ฑใใใใ」 are all grammatically appropriate. Therefore, the sentence in C is incorrect because 「้ใใ」 is not grammatically correct.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ไฝๆใซๅบ็บใใใใใๆฑบใใพใใใ。
B: ่ชฐใใใฎใฑใผใญใไฝใฃใใ็ฅใฃใฆใใพใใ。
C: ใฉใใงๅ็ฌฆใ่ฒทใใๆใใฆใใ ใใ。
D: ใฉใฎใใใซใ้ใใ ใ่ชฟในใฆใใ ใใ。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ใฉใฎใใใซใ้ใใ่ชฟในใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: In an embedded question ending with 「ใ」, a ใช-adjective is used directly before 「ใ」 without 「ใ 」. Therefore, 「้ใใ ใ」 is incorrect in this sentence; 「้ใใ」 is the appropriate form. The other choices correctly use 「ใ」 to introduce an embedded question.
D
Correct Sentence: ใฉใฎใใใซใ้ใใ่ชฟในใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: In an embedded question ending with 「ใ」, a ใช-adjective is used directly before 「ใ」 without 「ใ 」. Therefore, 「้ใใ ใ」 is incorrect in this sentence; 「้ใใ」 is the appropriate form. The other choices correctly use 「ใ」 to introduce an embedded question.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ้ใ่พผใใใใใใพใใใใ、ๆฉใๅบใพใใใ。
B: ๅฝผใฏใพใ ๆฅใฆใใชใใฎใง、้ใซ่ฟทใฃใใใใใใพใใ。
C: ๅๅพใใ้จใ้ใใพใใใใใใพใใ。
D: ่ฉฆ้จใฏๆใฃใใใ้ฃใใใใใใใพใใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ๅๅพใใ้จใ้ใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใใใพใใ」 follows the plain form of a verb, adjective, or noun phrase, not the polite 「ใพใ」 form. Therefore, 「้ใใพใใใใใใพใใ」 is incorrect because 「้ใใพใ」 is the polite form; the plain form 「้ใ」 is required. The other choices correctly use 「ใใใใใพใใ」 after the plain forms 「่พผใ」, 「่ฟทใฃใ」, and 「้ฃใใ」.
C
Correct Sentence: ๅๅพใใ้จใ้ใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใใใพใใ」 follows the plain form of a verb, adjective, or noun phrase, not the polite 「ใพใ」 form. Therefore, 「้ใใพใใใใใใพใใ」 is incorrect because 「้ใใพใ」 is the polite form; the plain form 「้ใ」 is required. The other choices correctly use 「ใใใใใพใใ」 after the plain forms 「่พผใ」, 「่ฟทใฃใ」, and 「้ฃใใ」.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ไปไบใฏใคใพใใชใใ、็ตฆๆใๅฎใใ、่พใใใใงใ。
B: ๆ็ใฏ็ฐกๅใ ใ、ๆๆใๅฎใใ、ใใไฝใใพใ。
C: ้ขจใๅผทใใ、ๆณขใ้ซใใ、ๆตทใซใฏๅ
ฅใใพใใ。
D: ใใฎๅ
ฌๅใฏใใใใ、้ใใ、ๆฃๆญฉใซใใ。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๅ ฌๅใฏใใใใ ใ、้ใใ ใ、ๆฃๆญฉใซใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใ」 and 「้ใ」 are ใช-adjectives, so 「ใ 」 is required before 「ใ」 when they are used to list characteristics or reasons. Therefore, 「ใใใใ」 and 「้ใใ」 are grammatically incorrect. The other choices correctly use 「ใ」 after ใ-adjectives such as 「ใคใพใใชใ」「ๅฎใ」「ๅผทใ」「้ซใ」 or after the appropriate 「ใ 」 form.
D
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๅ ฌๅใฏใใใใ ใ、้ใใ ใ、ๆฃๆญฉใซใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใ」 and 「้ใ」 are ใช-adjectives, so 「ใ 」 is required before 「ใ」 when they are used to list characteristics or reasons. Therefore, 「ใใใใ」 and 「้ใใ」 are grammatically incorrect. The other choices correctly use 「ใ」 after ใ-adjectives such as 「ใคใพใใชใ」「ๅฎใ」「ๅผทใ」「้ซใ」 or after the appropriate 「ใ 」 form.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ใใฎๅบใฏๆ็ใใใใใ（ ）、ๅคๆฎตใๅฎใใงใ。
ChoicesA: ใงใใใ
B: ใใฉใใ
C: ใ
D: ใ
Answer
D
Explanation: The particle ใ is used to list multiple reasons or favorable characteristics, and here it connects two positive points about the restaurant: “The food is delicious, and the prices are also cheap.” The structure ～ใ、～ใ～ใงใ is natural when giving multiple reasons or characteristics. ใงใใใ expresses probability or a guess and does not fit the intended connection; ใใฉใใ means “whether or not” and requires a clause expressing uncertainty; and ใ is generally used to mark a question or embedded question, so neither fits this sentence. Therefore, D: ใ is the only grammatically appropriate answer.
D
Explanation: The particle ใ is used to list multiple reasons or favorable characteristics, and here it connects two positive points about the restaurant: “The food is delicious, and the prices are also cheap.” The structure ～ใ、～ใ～ใงใ is natural when giving multiple reasons or characteristics. ใงใใใ expresses probability or a guess and does not fit the intended connection; ใใฉใใ means “whether or not” and requires a clause expressing uncertainty; and ใ is generally used to mark a question or embedded question, so neither fits this sentence. Therefore, D: ใ is the only grammatically appropriate answer.
2: ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ็ญใ（ ）、ๆใใงใ。
ChoicesA: ใใใใใพใใ
B: ใงใใใ
C: ใ
D: ใ
Answer
D
Explanation: It is natural to use ใ here because the speaker is giving two characteristics of the room. ใใใใใพใใ means “might/may,” ใงใใใ expresses probability or expectation, and ใ is used to form questions or embedded questions; none of these can naturally connect ็ญใ and ๆใใงใ in this sentence. Therefore, D: ใ is the only correct answer.
D
Explanation: It is natural to use ใ here because the speaker is giving two characteristics of the room. ใใใใใพใใ means “might/may,” ใงใใใ expresses probability or expectation, and ใ is used to form questions or embedded questions; none of these can naturally connect ็ญใ and ๆใใงใ in this sentence. Therefore, D: ใ is the only correct answer.
3: ็ดๆใฎๆ้ใซ้ ใใฆ（ ）、ใฟใใชใซ่ฟทๆใใใใพใใ。
ChoicesA: ใ
B: ใงใใใ
C: ใใใ
D: ใใพใฃใฆ
Answer
D
Explanation: The expression ～ใฆใใพใ is used to express that something happened unintentionally or regrettably, often with a sense of regret about the result. The ใฆใใพใฃใฆ form connects the first event to its negative consequence and naturally conveys the speaker’s regret. ใ cannot directly follow ้ ใใฆ in this structure, ใงใใใ expresses probability and does not fit the sentence, and ใใใ does not form a natural grammatical expression here. Therefore, D: ใใพใฃใฆ is the only correct answer.
D
Explanation: The expression ～ใฆใใพใ is used to express that something happened unintentionally or regrettably, often with a sense of regret about the result. The ใฆใใพใฃใฆ form connects the first event to its negative consequence and naturally conveys the speaker’s regret. ใ cannot directly follow ้ ใใฆ in this structure, ใงใใใ expresses probability and does not fit the sentence, and ใใใ does not form a natural grammatical expression here. Therefore, D: ใใพใฃใฆ is the only correct answer.
4: ใใฃใๅฝผใซ่ใใใ、ๆๆฅใใคใญใณใฐใซ่กใ（ ）。
ChoicesA: ใ
B: ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ
C: ใใฉใใ
D: ใ
Answer
B
Explanation: ～ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ is used to report what someone said, and it naturally follows a plain-form clause when conveying information that was stated by another person. Here, the speaker is reporting what they heard from him about his plans for tomorrow. ใ and ใใฉใใ are used for questions or embedded questions, while ใ is used to list reasons or characteristics, so none of them fits the reporting structure. Therefore, there is no other grammatically appropriate answer among the choices.
B
Explanation: ～ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ is used to report what someone said, and it naturally follows a plain-form clause when conveying information that was stated by another person. Here, the speaker is reporting what they heard from him about his plans for tomorrow. ใ and ใใฉใใ are used for questions or embedded questions, while ใ is used to list reasons or characteristics, so none of them fits the reporting structure. Therefore, there is no other grammatically appropriate answer among the choices.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๆๅฏๅใใฆ、้ ๅปใใใใพใใพใใ。
Answer
ๆๅฏๅใใฆ、้ ๅปใใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: The verb before ใใพใใพใใ must be in the ใฆ-form, so ้ ๅปใใใใพใใพใใ is grammatically incorrect. The structure ～ใฆใใพใใพใใ expresses that something was completed, often with a sense of regret or an undesirable result, and ้ ๅปใใ becomes ้ ๅปใใฆ before ใใพใใพใใ.
ๆๅฏๅใใฆ、้ ๅปใใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: The verb before ใใพใใพใใ must be in the ใฆ-form, so ้ ๅปใใใใพใใพใใ is grammatically incorrect. The structure ～ใฆใใพใใพใใ expresses that something was completed, often with a sense of regret or an undesirable result, and ้ ๅปใใ becomes ้ ๅปใใฆ before ใใพใใพใใ.
2: ใใถใผใใๅ จ้จ้ฃในใใใพใใพใใ。
Answer
ใใถใผใใๅ จ้จ้ฃในใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: The structure ～ใฆใใพใใพใใ requires the verb before ใใพใใพใใ to be in the ใฆ-form. Therefore, ้ฃในใ cannot be used directly before ใใพใใพใใ; it must change to ้ฃในใฆ. The original sentence is a plausible learner error because the student may recognize ใใพใใพใใ as expressing completion but incorrectly attach it to the dictionary form.
ใใถใผใใๅ จ้จ้ฃในใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: The structure ～ใฆใใพใใพใใ requires the verb before ใใพใใพใใ to be in the ใฆ-form. Therefore, ้ฃในใ cannot be used directly before ใใพใใพใใ; it must change to ้ฃในใฆ. The original sentence is a plausible learner error because the student may recognize ใใพใใพใใ as expressing completion but incorrectly attach it to the dictionary form.
3: ใใฎไบบใฏใใฃใจๆฅๆฌไบบใ ใงใใใ。
Answer
ใใฎไบบใฏใใฃใจๆฅๆฌไบบใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ is used directly after nouns and ใช-adjectives, so ๆฅๆฌไบบใ ใงใใใ is grammatically incorrect. The ใ must be omitted before ใงใใใ because ใงใใใ already serves as the polite form expressing probability or supposition.
ใใฎไบบใฏใใฃใจๆฅๆฌไบบใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ is used directly after nouns and ใช-adjectives, so ๆฅๆฌไบบใ ใงใใใ is grammatically incorrect. The ใ must be omitted before ใงใใใ because ใงใใใ already serves as the polite form expressing probability or supposition.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๆจๆฅ่ชฐใๆฅใๆใใฆใใใพใใใงใใ。
B: ใฉใฎ้ป่ปใซไนใใฐใใใๅใใใพใใ。
C: ไฝใๅทใใใใฎใ้ฃฒใฟใใใงใ。
D: ใฉใใงไผ่ญฐใใใใใๅญ็ฅใงใใ。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ๆจๆฅ่ชฐใๆฅใใๆใใฆใใใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The problem with A is that an embedded question using ่ชฐใ requires ใ before the verb ๆใใ; ่ชฐใๆฅใ by itself cannot function as the indirect question in this structure. The natural pattern is 「่ชฐใๆฅใใๆใใ」, meaning to tell someone who is coming.
A
Correct Sentence: ๆจๆฅ่ชฐใๆฅใใๆใใฆใใใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The problem with A is that an embedded question using ่ชฐใ requires ใ before the verb ๆใใ; ่ชฐใๆฅใ by itself cannot function as the indirect question in this structure. The natural pattern is 「่ชฐใๆฅใใๆใใ」, meaning to tell someone who is coming.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๅ้ใฏใใใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใ ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ。
B: ๆ
่กใฏๆฅฝใใใงใใใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ。
C: ๅฆนใฏๆฐใใไปไบใๅคงๅคใ ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ。
D: ใๅป่
ใใใฏใใใซๆฒปใใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ๆ ่กใฏๆฅฝใใใฃใใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ。
Explanation: The issue in B is the past form of the ใ-adjective ๆฅฝใใ. Its past form is ๆฅฝใใใฃใ, not ๆฅฝใใใงใใ. The other choices correctly use ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ to report what someone said, with appropriate forms for both past and non-past statements.
B
Correct Sentence: ๆ ่กใฏๆฅฝใใใฃใใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ。
Explanation: The issue in B is the past form of the ใ-adjective ๆฅฝใใ. Its past form is ๆฅฝใใใฃใ, not ๆฅฝใใใงใใ. The other choices correctly use ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ to report what someone said, with appropriate forms for both past and non-past statements.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ใใ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใพใใใ、ๆ้คใใใพใใใ、ใใฃใใใใพใใใ。
B: ้จใๆญขใใ ใ、ๅบใใใใ。
C: ้ตใ้ใใใ、็ซใๆถใใใ、ๅคงไธๅคซใงใ。
D: ๆจๆฅใฏๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใ、้ฃไบใใใใ、ๆฅฝใใใฃใ。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ใใ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใ、ๆ้คใใใใ、ใใฃใใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: In A, the verbs should be in the plain past form before ใ: ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใ、ๆ้คใใใใ. The polite past form ใใพใใ cannot be followed directly by ใ in this pattern.
A
Correct Sentence: ใใ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใ、ๆ้คใใใใ、ใใฃใใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: In A, the verbs should be in the plain past form before ใ: ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใ、ๆ้คใใใใ. The polite past form ใใพใใ cannot be followed directly by ใ in this pattern.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ใใฎไบบใฏๅ
็ใ ใใใใใพใใ。
B: ๆๆฅใฏ้จใ้ใใใใใใพใใ。
C: ใใฎใซใใณใฏใกใใฃใจ้ซใใใใใใใใพใใ。
D: ๅฝผใฏ็ดๆใๅฟใใใใใใใพใใ。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ใใฎไบบใฏๅ ็ใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: With a noun such as ๅ ็, ใใใใใพใใ follows the noun directly, so ๅ ็ใ ใใใใใพใใ is not the standard grammatical pattern; the natural form is ๅ ็ใใใใใพใใ.
A
Correct Sentence: ใใฎไบบใฏๅ ็ใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: With a noun such as ๅ ็, ใใใใใพใใ follows the noun directly, so ๅ ็ใ ใใใใใพใใ is not the standard grammatical pattern; the natural form is ๅ ็ใใใใใพใใ.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๆๆฅใฏใใๅคฉๆฐใ ใงใใใ。
B: ใใฎ่พบใฏๅคใฏ้ใใงใใใ。
C: ๆฅ้ฑใฎๆ
่กใฏๆฅฝใใใงใใใ。
D: ใใถใๅฝผใฏใใๅธฐใฃใใงใใใ。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ๆๆฅใฏใใๅคฉๆฐใงใใใ。
Explanation: The issue in A is the use of ใ before ใงใใใ. When ใงใใใ follows a noun or ใช-adjective, ใ is normally omitted, so ใใๅคฉๆฐใงใใใ is the natural form.
A
Correct Sentence: ๆๆฅใฏใใๅคฉๆฐใงใใใ。
Explanation: The issue in A is the use of ใ before ใงใใใ. When ใงใใใ follows a noun or ใช-adjective, ใ is normally omitted, so ใใๅคฉๆฐใงใใใ is the natural form.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ใชใๅฝผๅฅณใ้ ใใ、่ชฐใ็ฅใใพใใ。
Answer
ใชใๅฝผๅฅณใ้ ใใใ、่ชฐใ็ฅใใพใใ。
Explanation: When an indirect question is embedded in a larger sentence, the question word phrase must be followed by ใ before the main clause. Here, ใชใๅฝผๅฅณใ้ ใใใ functions as a noun-like embedded question meaning “why she was late.” Without ใ, the clause ใชใๅฝผๅฅณใ้ ใใ is left as a direct-question structure and cannot naturally serve as the object of ็ฅใใพใใ. This makes the original sentence grammatically incorrect, while the correction uses the required indirect-question pattern [question clause] + ใ + main clause.
ใชใๅฝผๅฅณใ้ ใใใ、่ชฐใ็ฅใใพใใ。
Explanation: When an indirect question is embedded in a larger sentence, the question word phrase must be followed by ใ before the main clause. Here, ใชใๅฝผๅฅณใ้ ใใใ functions as a noun-like embedded question meaning “why she was late.” Without ใ, the clause ใชใๅฝผๅฅณใ้ ใใ is left as a direct-question structure and cannot naturally serve as the object of ็ฅใใพใใ. This makes the original sentence grammatically incorrect, while the correction uses the required indirect-question pattern [question clause] + ใ + main clause.
2: ใใฎๅฐๅณใง้ง ใใฉใใซใใใพใใ、ใใใใพใใ。
Answer
ใใฎๅฐๅณใง้ง ใใฉใใซใใใ、ใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: An embedded question before ใใใใพใใ requires the question clause to be nominalized with ใ or ใฎใ. In an embedded question, the polite question ending ใใใพใใ is not used; the verb should remain in its plain form, giving ใฉใใซใใใ.
ใใฎๅฐๅณใง้ง ใใฉใใซใใใ、ใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: An embedded question before ใใใใพใใ requires the question clause to be nominalized with ใ or ใฎใ. In an embedded question, the polite question ending ใใใพใใ is not used; the verb should remain in its plain form, giving ใฉใใซใใใ.
3: ้ป่ปใซๅใๅฟใใใใพใใพใใ。
Answer
้ป่ปใซๅใๅฟใใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใใพใ follows the ใฆ-form of another verb. Since the ใฆ-form of ๅฟใใ is ๅฟใใฆ, the correct structure is ๅฟใใฆใใพใใพใใ. This pattern is used to express that something happened, often with a sense of regret or that the action was unintended.
้ป่ปใซๅใๅฟใใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใใพใ follows the ใฆ-form of another verb. Since the ใฆ-form of ๅฟใใ is ๅฟใใฆ, the correct structure is ๅฟใใฆใใพใใพใใ. This pattern is used to express that something happened, often with a sense of regret or that the action was unintended.
4: ใใฎๅ้กใฏ้ฃใใใงใใงใใใ。
Answer
ใใฎๅ้กใฏ้ฃใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ can follow an ใ-adjective directly, so ้ฃใใใงใใใ is the appropriate form. The polite copula ใงใ is not used between an ใ-adjective and ใงใใใ. Thus, the adjective remains in its plain form before ใงใใใ.
ใใฎๅ้กใฏ้ฃใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ can follow an ใ-adjective directly, so ้ฃใใใงใใใ is the appropriate form. The polite copula ใงใ is not used between an ใ-adjective and ใงใใใ. Thus, the adjective remains in its plain form before ใงใใใ.
5: ๆๆฅใฏๅฐ้ขจใๆฅใพใใงใใใ。
Answer
ๆๆฅใฏๅฐ้ขจใๆฅใใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ normally follows the plain form of a verb, so ๆฅใใงใใใ is the standard pattern. The polite form ๆฅใพใ is not normally used before ใงใใใ in standard modern Japanese. ใงใใใ expresses a prediction or supposition, while the verb before it remains in the plain form.
ๆๆฅใฏๅฐ้ขจใๆฅใใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ normally follows the plain form of a verb, so ๆฅใใงใใใ is the standard pattern. The polite form ๆฅใพใ is not normally used before ใงใใใ in standard modern Japanese. ใงใใใ expresses a prediction or supposition, while the verb before it remains in the plain form.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใซใใใจ、ๅๅพใใ้ชใ้ใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: …ใใใใใพใใ。
Answer
ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใซใใใจ、ๅๅพใใ้ชใ้ใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: Both ๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ and ใใใใใพใใ express possibility. Here, ～ใใใใใพใใ is used to say that it is possible that it will snow from the afternoon onward, based on the weather forecast. The meaning remains essentially the same, but ～ใใใใใพใใ sounds more natural and conversational, while ๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ is slightly more formal and emphasizes the possibility itself.
ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใซใใใจ、ๅๅพใใ้ชใ้ใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: Both ๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ and ใใใใใพใใ express possibility. Here, ～ใใใใใพใใ is used to say that it is possible that it will snow from the afternoon onward, based on the weather forecast. The meaning remains essentially the same, but ～ใใใใใพใใ sounds more natural and conversational, while ๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ is slightly more formal and emphasizes the possibility itself.
2: ไปๆฅใฏๅคฉๆฐใๆชใใงใ。ใใใฆ、ๅฑ้บใงใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: Plain ใ、Plain ใ
Answer
ไปๆฅใฏๅคฉๆฐใๆชใใ、ๅฑ้บใงใ。
Explanation: The ใ pattern is used to list multiple reasons or characteristics. Here, ๆชใใ connects the first reason, “the weather is bad,” to the second characteristic, “it is dangerous.” The first adjective is in plain form (ๆชใ), as required by the pattern, while the final ใงใ can remain in polite form to make the sentence polite and natural.
ไปๆฅใฏๅคฉๆฐใๆชใใ、ๅฑ้บใงใ。
Explanation: The ใ pattern is used to list multiple reasons or characteristics. Here, ๆชใใ connects the first reason, “the weather is bad,” to the second characteristic, “it is dangerous.” The first adjective is in plain form (ๆชใ), as required by the pattern, while the final ใงใ can remain in polite form to make the sentence polite and natural.
3: ้ง ใพใงใฎ้ใ่ชฟในใฆใใ ใใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: ็ๅ่ฉ…ใ、…
Answer
้ง ใพใงใฉใใใฃใฆ่กใใ、่ชฟในใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: The pattern 「็ๅ่ฉ + ～ใ」 is used to turn a question into an indirect question. Here, ใฉใใใฃใฆ่กใใ means “how to get there,”. The verb before ใ is in plain form, so ่กใใพใ becomes ่กใ.
้ง ใพใงใฉใใใฃใฆ่กใใ、่ชฟในใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: The pattern 「็ๅ่ฉ + ～ใ」 is used to turn a question into an indirect question. Here, ใฉใใใฃใฆ่กใใ means “how to get there,”. The verb before ใ is in plain form, so ่กใใพใ becomes ่กใ.
4: ๅคๆนใใๅฐ้ขจใๆฅใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: …ใใใใใพใใ。
Answer
ๅคๆนใใๅฐ้ขจใๆฅใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: Both ～ๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ and ～ใใใใใพใใ express possibility. Here, ～ใใใใใพใใ follows the plain form ๆฅใ and indicates that the typhoon may come from the evening onward.
ๅคๆนใใๅฐ้ขจใๆฅใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: Both ～ๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ and ～ใใใใใพใใ express possibility. Here, ～ใใใใใพใใ follows the plain form ๆฅใ and indicates that the typhoon may come from the evening onward.
5: ใใฎๆฐๅญฆใฎๅ้กใฏใใถใ็ฐกๅใงใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: …ใงใใใ。
Answer
ใใฎๆฐๅญฆใฎๅ้กใฏ็ฐกๅใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ is used to express a guess or expectation. Here, it replaces ใใถใ～ใงใ and shows that the speaker believes the problem is probably easy. It follows the plain form, so ็ฐกๅใงใ becomes ็ฐกๅใงใใใ.
ใใฎๆฐๅญฆใฎๅ้กใฏ็ฐกๅใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ is used to express a guess or expectation. Here, it replaces ใใถใ～ใงใ and shows that the speaker believes the problem is probably easy. It follows the plain form, so ็ฐกๅใงใ becomes ็ฐกๅใงใใใ.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ใใฎๆ ็ปใไธๅบฆ่ฆใใใพใใพใใ。
B: ๅฝผใฎ็งๅฏใ็ฅใฃใฆใใพใฃใ。
C: ๅใใใ้ใไฝฟใฃใฆใใพใใพใใ。
D: ใใฃใใฎใฑใผใญ、ๅ
จ้จ้ฃในใฆใใพใฃใ。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๆ ็ปใไธๅบฆ่ฆใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: With 〜ใฆใใพใ, the preceding verb must be in the ใฆ-form, so ่ฆใ changes to ่ฆใฆ before ใใพใใพใใ. 〜ใฆใใพใ can indicate that an action has been completely finished or that the speaker regrets or considers the action undesirable, depending on the context.
A
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๆ ็ปใไธๅบฆ่ฆใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: With 〜ใฆใใพใ, the preceding verb must be in the ใฆ-form, so ่ฆใ changes to ่ฆใฆ before ใใพใใพใใ. 〜ใฆใใพใ can indicate that an action has been completely finished or that the speaker regrets or considers the action undesirable, depending on the context.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ้ง
ใพใง้ ใใงใใใใใ、ใฟใฏใทใผใซใใพใใใ。
B: ใใฎ่ฉฆ้จใฏ้ฃใใใ ใงใใใ。
C: ๅฐ้ขจใฏไปๅคไธ้ธใใใงใใใ。
D: ไปใใๅฝผใฏใใๅฏใฆใใใงใใใ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ่ฉฆ้จใฏ้ฃใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ follows an ใ-adjective directly, so ้ฃใใใงใใใ is grammatical, while ้ฃใใใ ใงใใใ is not. With nouns and ใช-adjectives, ใ can occur before ใงใใใ, but an ใ-adjective does not require or take ใ in this construction. The other choices use ใงใใใ naturally to express a prediction or supposition.
B
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ่ฉฆ้จใฏ้ฃใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ follows an ใ-adjective directly, so ้ฃใใใงใใใ is grammatical, while ้ฃใใใ ใงใใใ is not. With nouns and ใช-adjectives, ใ can occur before ใงใใใ, but an ใ-adjective does not require or take ใ in this construction. The other choices use ใงใใใ naturally to express a prediction or supposition.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๆจๆฅใฏ้ฃฒใฟใใใฆ、ใ้ใไฝฟใฃใฆใใพใฃใ。
B: ็ฒใใฆใใใฎใง、ใในใงๅฏใฆใใพใใพใใ。
C: ใใฃใใฎไบไปถใๆใๅบใใฆ、ๆณฃใใฆใใพใฃใ。
D: ๅฎฟ้กใๅฎถใซๅฟใใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ใใฃใใฎไบไปถใๆใๅบใใฆ、ๆณฃใใฆใใพใฃใ。
Explanation: Before 〜ใฆใใพใ, the verb must be in the ใฆ-form, so ๆณฃใ becomes ๆณฃใใฆ, not ๆณฃใใฆ. The other choices correctly use the ใฆ-form before ใใพใฃใ／ใใพใใพใใ, and 〜ใฆใใพใ can express a completed action as well as an unintended or regrettable result, depending on the context.
C
Correct Sentence: ใใฃใใฎไบไปถใๆใๅบใใฆ、ๆณฃใใฆใใพใฃใ。
Explanation: Before 〜ใฆใใพใ, the verb must be in the ใฆ-form, so ๆณฃใ becomes ๆณฃใใฆ, not ๆณฃใใฆ. The other choices correctly use the ใฆ-form before ใใพใฃใ／ใใพใใพใใ, and 〜ใฆใใพใ can express a completed action as well as an unintended or regrettable result, depending on the context.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ใฉใใใธๅบใใใพใใใ。
B: ่ชฐใใใฎๆ็ดใ้ใฃใใ่ชฟในใพใใใ。
C: ๅฝผใใฉใใซไฝใใงใใพใใๅใใใพใใ。
D: ไฝๆใซๅงใพใใ่ใใฆใใ ใใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ๅฝผใใฉใใซไฝใใงใใใๅใใใพใใ。
Explanation: In an embedded question with 〜ใ, the clause before ใ does not use the polite question ending ใงใใ／ใพใใ. Instead, the verb is normally in the plain form, followed by ใ and the main clause.
C
Correct Sentence: ๅฝผใใฉใใซไฝใใงใใใๅใใใพใใ。
Explanation: In an embedded question with 〜ใ, the clause before ใ does not use the polite question ending ใงใใ／ใพใใ. Instead, the verb is normally in the plain form, followed by ใ and the main clause.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ็งใฏๆฐๅญฆใ่ฆๆใ （ ）、็็งใใใพใๅฅฝใใใใชใ。
ChoicesA: ใ
B: ใฆใใพใฃใฆ
C: ใ
D: ใงใใใ
Answer
A
Explanation: 「〜ใ」 is used to list multiple related reasons, characteristics, or facts, and it can connect two clauses that share the same general context. Here, the speaker gives two related statements about subjects they do not like or are not good at. The other choices do not fit grammatically: 「〜ใฆใใพใฃใฆ」 requires a ใฆ-form verb and has a different meaning, 「ใ」 is used for questions or alternatives, and 「ใงใใใ」 expresses probability or expectation rather than connecting the two clauses.
A
Explanation: 「〜ใ」 is used to list multiple related reasons, characteristics, or facts, and it can connect two clauses that share the same general context. Here, the speaker gives two related statements about subjects they do not like or are not good at. The other choices do not fit grammatically: 「〜ใฆใใพใฃใฆ」 requires a ใฆ-form verb and has a different meaning, 「ใ」 is used for questions or alternatives, and 「ใงใใใ」 expresses probability or expectation rather than connecting the two clauses.
2: ใใฃใๅฝผใซ่ใใใ、ๆๆฅใฎใใคใญใณใฐใฏไธญๆญขใ （ ）。
ChoicesA: ใ
B: ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ
C: ใ
D: ใงใใใ
Answer
B
Explanation: 「〜ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ」 is used to report something that another person said. Since the sentence begins with 「ๅฝผใซ่ใใใ」, the speaker is reporting the information they received from him, making this pattern appropriate. 「ใ」 cannot be used alone in this structure to report what someone said, 「ใ」 connects related reasons or statements, and 「ใงใใใ」 expresses probability or expectation rather than a reported statement.
B
Explanation: 「〜ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ」 is used to report something that another person said. Since the sentence begins with 「ๅฝผใซ่ใใใ」, the speaker is reporting the information they received from him, making this pattern appropriate. 「ใ」 cannot be used alone in this structure to report what someone said, 「ใ」 connects related reasons or statements, and 「ใงใใใ」 expresses probability or expectation rather than a reported statement.
3: ๆฏใฏๅฎฟ้กใ（ ）ใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใ。
ChoicesA: ใใใใใซ
B: ใใใงใใใ
C: ใใฃใฆใใพใฃใฆ
D: ใใใ
Answer
A
Explanation: 「〜ใใใซ่จใ」 is used when someone tells or asks another person to do something. In this sentence, it expresses the mother's instruction concerning the homework. The other choices do not fit this pattern: 「ใงใใใ」 expresses probability or expectation, 「〜ใฆใใพใฃใฆ」 expresses completion or an undesirable result, and 「ใ」 is generally used to connect related reasons or statements.
A
Explanation: 「〜ใใใซ่จใ」 is used when someone tells or asks another person to do something. In this sentence, it expresses the mother's instruction concerning the homework. The other choices do not fit this pattern: 「ใงใใใ」 expresses probability or expectation, 「〜ใฆใใพใฃใฆ」 expresses completion or an undesirable result, and 「ใ」 is generally used to connect related reasons or statements.
4: ใใฃใใใใฆ、ๅคงๅใชๅฐๅณใ（ ）。
ChoicesA: ใชใใใใ
B: ใชใใใใใใใพใใ
C: ใชใใใฆใใพใใพใใ
D: ใชใใใงใใใ
Answer
C
Explanation: 「〜ใฆใใพใ」 can be used to express an unintended or regrettable result, especially when something happened because of carelessness or by accident. Since 「ใใฃใใใใฆ」 indicates that the action was unintentional, this form naturally describes losing something important as an unfortunate result. The other choices express an additional reason, possibility, or probability, which does not fit the context as well.
C
Explanation: 「〜ใฆใใพใ」 can be used to express an unintended or regrettable result, especially when something happened because of carelessness or by accident. Since 「ใใฃใใใใฆ」 indicates that the action was unintentional, this form naturally describes losing something important as an unfortunate result. The other choices express an additional reason, possibility, or probability, which does not fit the context as well.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ใใฎใขใใผใใฏ้ง ใใ่ฟใใงใใ、ๅฎถ่ณใๅฎใใ、ใจใฆใใใใงใ。
Answer
ใใฎใขใใผใใฏ้ง ใใ่ฟใใ、ๅฎถ่ณใๅฎใใ、ใจใฆใใใใงใ。
Explanation: When listing multiple reasons or characteristics with 「ใ」, the forms should be consistent. Since 「้ง ใใ่ฟใ」 is an ใ-adjective, it can be followed directly by 「ใ」, giving 「้ง ใใ่ฟใใ」. Using 「้ง ใใ่ฟใใงใใ」 is grammatically possible in isolation, but mixing the polite 「ใงใใ」 with the plain 「ใ」 in the same list is inappropriate for the consistent style expected here. Therefore, 「้ง ใใ่ฟใใ、ๅฎถ่ณใๅฎใใ」 is the natural form.
ใใฎใขใใผใใฏ้ง ใใ่ฟใใ、ๅฎถ่ณใๅฎใใ、ใจใฆใใใใงใ。
Explanation: When listing multiple reasons or characteristics with 「ใ」, the forms should be consistent. Since 「้ง ใใ่ฟใ」 is an ใ-adjective, it can be followed directly by 「ใ」, giving 「้ง ใใ่ฟใใ」. Using 「้ง ใใ่ฟใใงใใ」 is grammatically possible in isolation, but mixing the polite 「ใงใใ」 with the plain 「ใ」 in the same list is inappropriate for the consistent style expected here. Therefore, 「้ง ใใ่ฟใใ、ๅฎถ่ณใๅฎใใ」 is the natural form.
2: ๅคๆนใพใงใซใฏ้จใใใฟใพใใงใใใ。
Answer
ๅคๆนใพใงใซใฏ้จใใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: 「ใงใใใ」 is normally attached to the plain form of a verb, so the dictionary form 「ใใ」 is used rather than the polite form 「ใใฟใพใ」. Combining 「ใพใ」 and 「ใงใใใ」 as 「ใใฟใพใใงใใใ」 is not the appropriate pattern for this exercise; the natural form is 「ใใใงใใใ」.
ๅคๆนใพใงใซใฏ้จใใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: 「ใงใใใ」 is normally attached to the plain form of a verb, so the dictionary form 「ใใ」 is used rather than the polite form 「ใใฟใพใ」. Combining 「ใพใ」 and 「ใงใใใ」 as 「ใใฟใพใใงใใใ」 is not the appropriate pattern for this exercise; the natural form is 「ใใใงใใใ」.
3: ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใๅธฐใใพใใใใใใใพใใ。
Answer
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใๅธฐใฃใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใใใพใใ」 is preceded by the plain form of a verb, not the polite 「ใพใ」 form. Since 「ๅธฐใ」 is a verb, its past plain form 「ๅธฐใฃใ」 is used to express the possibility that the action has already happened.
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใๅธฐใฃใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใใใพใใ」 is preceded by the plain form of a verb, not the polite 「ใพใ」 form. Since 「ๅธฐใ」 is a verb, its past plain form 「ๅธฐใฃใ」 is used to express the possibility that the action has already happened.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๅฟใ็ฉใใใใใ、ๅฝผใฏใใถใๅฐใฃใฆใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: …ใงใใใ。
Answer
ๅฟใ็ฉใใใใใ、ๅฝผใฏๅฐใฃใฆใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: 「ใงใใใ」 is used to express a conjecture or expectation, so it replaces 「ใใถใ」 when rewriting the sentence with the proposed grammar. The verb remains in the plain form before 「ใงใใใ」, and 「ๅฐใฃใฆใใพใ」 changes to 「ๅฐใฃใฆใใ」 because 「ใงใใใ」 follows the plain form.
ๅฟใ็ฉใใใใใ、ๅฝผใฏๅฐใฃใฆใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: 「ใงใใใ」 is used to express a conjecture or expectation, so it replaces 「ใใถใ」 when rewriting the sentence with the proposed grammar. The verb remains in the plain form before 「ใงใใใ」, and 「ๅฐใฃใฆใใพใ」 changes to 「ๅฐใฃใฆใใ」 because 「ใงใใใ」 follows the plain form.
2: ๅฝผใๆฅใ็็ฑใใใใใพใใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: ็ๅ่ฉ…ใ、…
Answer
ๅฝผใใชใๆฅใใ、ใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใชใ」 is an interrogative word meaning “why,” and 「ใชใๆฅใใ」 forms an embedded question by placing 「ใ」 after the plain-form verb. This structure is used when the speaker does not know the reason for someone’s action.
ๅฝผใใชใๆฅใใ、ใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใชใ」 is an interrogative word meaning “why,” and 「ใชใๆฅใใ」 forms an embedded question by placing 「ใ」 after the plain-form verb. This structure is used when the speaker does not know the reason for someone’s action.
3: ่ฆๆใช้ฃใน็ฉใๆฎใใพใใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: V [ใฆ-form] ใใพใใพใ
Answer
่ฆๆใช้ฃใน็ฉใๆฎใใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「～ใฆใใพใใพใใ」 is formed by attaching 「ใใพใใพใใ」 to the ใฆ-form of the verb. It indicates that the action was completed and can also convey regret or an unintended outcome, which fits the context of leaving food uneaten.
่ฆๆใช้ฃใน็ฉใๆฎใใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「～ใฆใใพใใพใใ」 is formed by attaching 「ใใพใใพใใ」 to the ใฆ-form of the verb. It indicates that the action was completed and can also convey regret or an unintended outcome, which fits the context of leaving food uneaten.
⚠️
AI-generated content
The dialogue, images, audio, and exercises on this page were generated with the help of artificial intelligence for Japanese study practice. All content has been reviewed, adapted, and organized.
Comments
Post a Comment