Day N4 - 3 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 3
After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-3.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.
๐ Haven't studied the shadowing lesson yet?
Read and practice the original text here.
Grammar practiced:
✓ Potential Form
✓ V[dictionary form]ใจ、～
✓ 〜ใใพใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใพใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใฏใใใพใใ
✓ V[ใชใ-form]ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ
✓ 〜ใใใซ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใใ้ณๆฅฝใ่ใใใพใ。
B: ๅ
็ใฎๅฃฐใใใ่ใใใพใใใงใใ。
C: ใใใใๆตทใใใใใซ่ฆใใพใ。
D: ๅฑฑใฎไธใใ็บใฎๆใใใ่ฆใใพใใ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ๅ ็ใฎๅฃฐใใใ่ใใใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ่ใใใ is an intransitive verb meaning “to be heard” or “to be audible.” The sound that is perceived is normally marked with ใ, not ใ. Therefore, ๅ ็ใฎๅฃฐใใใ่ใใใพใใใงใใ is correct, meaning “I couldn't hear the teacher's voice well.”
The particle ใ is used with ่ใ, a transitive verb, as in ๅ ็ใฎๅฃฐใ่ใใพใใ (“I heard/listened to the teacher's voice”). Because the sentence uses ่ใใใ, ใ is required here.
B
Correct Sentence: ๅ ็ใฎๅฃฐใใใ่ใใใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ่ใใใ is an intransitive verb meaning “to be heard” or “to be audible.” The sound that is perceived is normally marked with ใ, not ใ. Therefore, ๅ ็ใฎๅฃฐใใใ่ใใใพใใใงใใ is correct, meaning “I couldn't hear the teacher's voice well.”
The particle ใ is used with ่ใ, a transitive verb, as in ๅ ็ใฎๅฃฐใ่ใใพใใ (“I heard/listened to the teacher's voice”). Because the sentence uses ่ใใใ, ใ is required here.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ้ป่ปใซ้
ใใชใใใใซ、ๆฉใๅฎถใๅบใพใใ。
B: ใฑใผใญใไธๆใซ็ผใใชใใใใซ、็ทด็ฟใใพใ。
C: ๅฟใใชใใใใซ、ใกใขใใฆใใใพใ。
D: ๅญใฉใใ่งฆใใชใใใใซ、้ซใใจใใใซ็ฝฎใใฆใใใพใ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ใฑใผใญใไธๆใซ็ผใใใใใซ、็ทด็ฟใใพใ。
Explanation: The sentence uses ็ผใใชใใใใซ, which means “so that I cannot bake cakes well” or “in order not to be able to bake cakes well.” This contradicts the intended meaning of practicing in order to improve one's ability. The appropriate form is ็ผใใใใใซ, meaning “so that I can bake cakes well.”
B
Correct Sentence: ใฑใผใญใไธๆใซ็ผใใใใใซ、็ทด็ฟใใพใ。
Explanation: The sentence uses ็ผใใชใใใใซ, which means “so that I cannot bake cakes well” or “in order not to be able to bake cakes well.” This contradicts the intended meaning of practicing in order to improve one's ability. The appropriate form is ็ผใใใใใซ, meaning “so that I can bake cakes well.”
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๅฝผใฏๆฉใ่ตฐใใพใใ。
B: ๆผขๅญใใพใ ไธๆใซๆธใใพใใ。
C: ใใฎ็ไนณใฏๅทใใใฆ、้ฃฒใใใพใใ。
D: ใใฎ็ฎฑใฏ้ใใฆ、ไธไบบใงใฏๆใฆใพใใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ็ไนณใฏๅทใใใฆ、้ฃฒใใพใใ。
Explanation: The potential form of ้ฃฒใ is ้ฃฒใใ, not ้ฃฒใใใ. Therefore, the negative form is ้ฃฒใใพใใ.
C
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ็ไนณใฏๅทใใใฆ、้ฃฒใใพใใ。
Explanation: The potential form of ้ฃฒใ is ้ฃฒใใ, not ้ฃฒใใใ. Therefore, the negative form is ้ฃฒใใพใใ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๅญใฉใใ่งฆใใชใใใใซ、ๆฃใฎไธใซ็ฝฎใใฆใใใพใ。
B: ็
ๆฐใๆฒปใใใใซ、ใใฃใใไผใใงใใพใ。
C: ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใใใใซใชใใใใงใ。
D: ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅ็ทด็ฟใใพใ。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅ็ทด็ฟใใพใ。
Explanation: The potential form of ่ฉฑใ is ่ฉฑใใ, not ่ฉฑใ. Therefore, the correct form is ่ฉฑใใใใใซ.
D
Correct Sentence: ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅ็ทด็ฟใใพใ。
Explanation: The potential form of ่ฉฑใ is ่ฉฑใใ, not ่ฉฑใ. Therefore, the correct form is ่ฉฑใใใใใซ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ๅฟใใชใ（ ）、ใกใขใๅใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
ChoicesA: ใฎใซ
B: ใจ
C: ใใใซ
D: ใใใง
Answer
C
Explanation: ～ใใใซ is used to express a goal or purpose. ๅฟใใชใใใใซ means “so that you don't forget” or “in order not to forget.”
C
Explanation: ～ใใใซ is used to express a goal or purpose. ๅฟใใชใใใใซ means “so that you don't forget” or “in order not to forget.”
2: ใใฎ่ฌใ（ ）ใจ、็ ใใชใใพใ。
ChoicesA: ้ฃฒใใ
B: ้ฃฒใใ
C: ้ฃฒใใฐ
D: ้ฃฒใ
Answer
D
Explanation: The dictionary form + ใจ can express a natural result or condition. ้ฃฒใใจ、็ ใใชใใพใ means “When you take this medicine, you get sleepy.”
D
Explanation: The dictionary form + ใจ can express a natural result or condition. ้ฃฒใใจ、็ ใใชใใพใ means “When you take this medicine, you get sleepy.”
3: ใใใๆๆฉใใฎใง、ไปๅคใฏๆฉใ（ ）ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
ChoicesA: ๅฏใ
B: ๅฏใ
C: ๅฏ
D: ๅฏใฆ
Answer
C
Explanation: The negative form of ๅฏใ is ๅฏใชใ. To make the obligation pattern ～ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ, use ๅฏใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ, meaning “must go to bed.”
C
Explanation: The negative form of ๅฏใ is ๅฏใชใ. To make the obligation pattern ～ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ, use ๅฏใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ, meaning “must go to bed.”
4: ้ป่ปใใใใใๅบใใใ、ๆฅใ（ ）ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
ChoicesA: ๆฅใ
B: ๆฅใ
C: ๆฅใใง
D: ๆฅใ
Answer
D
Explanation: The negative form of ๆฅใ is ๆฅใใชใ. Therefore, the obligation form is ๆฅใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ, meaning “must hurry.”
D
Explanation: The negative form of ๆฅใ is ๆฅใใชใ. Therefore, the obligation form is ๆฅใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ, meaning “must hurry.”
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ้ใใง、ๅคใฎ้ณใไฝใ่ใใพใใ。
Answer
ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ้ใใง、ๅคใฎ้ณใไฝใ่ใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ่ใใใ is used when a sound is naturally or involuntarily perceived, while ่ใ describes actively listening to or hearing something. Since ๅคใฎ้ณ is the sound being perceived, ๅคใฎ้ณใไฝใ่ใใใพใใ is the natural expression meaning “I can't hear any sounds from outside.”
ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ้ใใง、ๅคใฎ้ณใไฝใ่ใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ่ใใใ is used when a sound is naturally or involuntarily perceived, while ่ใ describes actively listening to or hearing something. Since ๅคใฎ้ณ is the sound being perceived, ๅคใฎ้ณใไฝใ่ใใใพใใ is the natural expression meaning “I can't hear any sounds from outside.”
2: ๆๆฅใฏใในใใใใใฎใง、ไปๆฅไธญใซๅฎฟ้กใใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Answer
ๆๆฅใฏใในใใใใใฎใง、ไปๆฅไธญใซๅฎฟ้กใใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 〜ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ expresses an obligation, meaning “must” or “have to,” while 〜ใฆใฏใใใพใใ expresses prohibition, meaning “must not.” Because the sentence says that the homework needs to be completed today, ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ is the correct form.
ๆๆฅใฏใในใใใใใฎใง、ไปๆฅไธญใซๅฎฟ้กใใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 〜ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ expresses an obligation, meaning “must” or “have to,” while 〜ใฆใฏใใใพใใ expresses prohibition, meaning “must not.” Because the sentence says that the homework needs to be completed today, ใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ is the correct form.
3: ๅณๆธ้คจใงใฏ、ๅคงๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Answer
ๅณๆธ้คจใงใฏ、ๅคงๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 〜ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ means “must do,” while 〜ใฆใฏใใใพใใ means “must not do.” Since speaking loudly is prohibited in a library, ่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ is the correct form.
ๅณๆธ้คจใงใฏ、ๅคงๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 〜ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ means “must do,” while 〜ใฆใฏใใใพใใ means “must not do.” Since speaking loudly is prohibited in a library, ่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ is the correct form.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ไผ็คพใซ่กใๅใซ、ใกใผใซใใใงใใฏใใฆใใใพใ。
B: ๆๆฅใฎไผ่ญฐใฎ่ณๆใ่ชญใใงใใใพใใ。
C: ใใใใ้จๅฑใๆ้คใใฆใใใพใ。
D: ๆฐใใใฌในใใฉใณใซ่กใฃใฆใฟใพใใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ใใใใ้จๅฑใๆ้คใใฆใใใพใ。
Explanation: ใใใใ indicates that an action is going to happen from now on or in the near future, while Vใฆใใใพใ describes a resulting state caused by an action that has already been completed. Therefore, ใใใใ้จๅฑใๆ้คใใฆใใใพใ is unnatural because it combines a future expression with a form that describes an already completed action and its resulting state. The natural sentence is ใใใใ้จๅฑใๆ้คใใฆใใใพใ, where Vใฆใใ means to do something in advance or as preparation for a future purpose.
C
Correct Sentence: ใใใใ้จๅฑใๆ้คใใฆใใใพใ。
Explanation: ใใใใ indicates that an action is going to happen from now on or in the near future, while Vใฆใใใพใ describes a resulting state caused by an action that has already been completed. Therefore, ใใใใ้จๅฑใๆ้คใใฆใใใพใ is unnatural because it combines a future expression with a form that describes an already completed action and its resulting state. The natural sentence is ใใใใ้จๅฑใๆ้คใใฆใใใพใ, where Vใฆใใ means to do something in advance or as preparation for a future purpose.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๅณๆธ้คจใงใฏๅคงใใชๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
B: ใฌใฉในใซใถใคใใใจ、ๅฒใใใใใใใพใใ。
C: ใใใงๅ็ใๆฎใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
D: ใใฎ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใงใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: Explanation: The prohibition pattern is Vใฆ-form + ใฏใใใพใใ, meaning “must not” or “may not.” The ใฆ-form of ้ฃฒใ is ้ฃฒใใง, not ้ฃฒใใฆ, so the correct sentence is ใใฎ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใงใฏใใใพใใ.
D
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใงใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: Explanation: The prohibition pattern is Vใฆ-form + ใฏใใใพใใ, meaning “must not” or “may not.” The ใฆ-form of ้ฃฒใ is ้ฃฒใใง, not ้ฃฒใใฆ, so the correct sentence is ใใฎ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใงใฏใใใพใใ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ใใฃใจๅๅผทใใชใใฆใฏใชใใพใใ。
B: ๆๆฅๆฉใ่ตทใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
C: ใใฎ็ฎฑใ้ใถใฎใๆไผใใชใใงใฏใใใพใใ。
D: ใใฎไปไบใไปๆฅไธญใซ็ตใใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ็ฎฑใ้ใถใฎใๆไผใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: To express obligation with 〜ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ, the verb must first be changed to its negative form and then combined with ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ. Therefore, ๆไผใใชใใงใฏใใใพใใ is incorrect for the intended meaning; the correct form is ๆไผใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ. Here, ๆไผใใชใใง is a different grammatical form and does not create the obligation pattern 〜ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ.
C
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ็ฎฑใ้ใถใฎใๆไผใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: To express obligation with 〜ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ, the verb must first be changed to its negative form and then combined with ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ. Therefore, ๆไผใใชใใงใฏใใใพใใ is incorrect for the intended meaning; the correct form is ๆไผใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ. Here, ๆไผใใชใใง is a different grammatical form and does not create the obligation pattern 〜ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๆฅใใงๅบใใใชใใจ、้
ๅปใใพใใ。
B: ใใฎในใคใใใๆผใใจ、้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ。
C: ๅญฃ็ฏใๅคใใใจ、ๆฐๅใๅคใใใพใ。
D: ๆฏๆ่ตทใใใจ、ใพใ็ชใ้ใใพใ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ใใฎในใคใใใๆผใใจ、้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ。
Explanation: ใคใ and ใคใใ are an intransitive/transitive verb pair. ้ปๆฐใใคใ means “the light turns on,” while ้ปๆฐใใคใใ means “to turn on the light.” In ใใฎในใคใใใๆผใใจ、้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ, ้ปๆฐ is marked with ใ, so the intransitive ใคใใพใ is required: ใใฎในใคใใใๆผใใจ、้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ.
B
Correct Sentence: ใใฎในใคใใใๆผใใจ、้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ。
Explanation: ใคใ and ใคใใ are an intransitive/transitive verb pair. ้ปๆฐใใคใ means “the light turns on,” while ้ปๆฐใใคใใ means “to turn on the light.” In ใใฎในใคใใใๆผใใจ、้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ, ้ปๆฐ is marked with ใ, so the intransitive ใคใใพใ is required: ใใฎในใคใใใๆผใใจ、้ปๆฐใใคใใพใ.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใใๅคใช้ณใ่ใใใพใใ。
B: ใใใใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใใ。
C: ๆๆฅใฏๆฉใ่ตทใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
D: ใซใผใซใใกใใใจ่ชญใใงใใใฆใใ ใใ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ใใใใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใใ。
Explanation: ่ฆใใ is an intransitive verb meaning “to be visible” or “can be seen,” and the thing that is visible is normally marked with ใ. Therefore, ใใใใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใใ is incorrect; the natural sentence is ใใใใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใใ. In contrast, ่ฆใ is transitive and takes ใ, as in ๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใพใ.
B
Correct Sentence: ใใใใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใใ。
Explanation: ่ฆใใ is an intransitive verb meaning “to be visible” or “can be seen,” and the thing that is visible is normally marked with ใ. Therefore, ใใใใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใใ is incorrect; the natural sentence is ใใใใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใใ. In contrast, ่ฆใ is transitive and takes ใ, as in ๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใพใ.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๅค、ๅธฐใๆใซ、็้ขใฎ้ปๆฐใใคใใฆใใใพใ。
Answer
ๅค、ๅธฐใๆใซ、็้ขใฎ้ปๆฐใใคใใฆใใใพใ。
Explanation: ใคใใฆใใใพใ expresses an intentional action done in advance for a future purpose: the speaker will turn on the entrance light beforehand so that it is on when they return at night. ใคใใฆใใใพใ describes the resulting state of something that has already been intentionally done, so it does not fit as naturally with 「ๅธฐใๆใซ」 when the intended meaning is “turn it on beforehand.”
ๅค、ๅธฐใๆใซ、็้ขใฎ้ปๆฐใใคใใฆใใใพใ。
Explanation: ใคใใฆใใใพใ expresses an intentional action done in advance for a future purpose: the speaker will turn on the entrance light beforehand so that it is on when they return at night. ใคใใฆใใใพใ describes the resulting state of something that has already been intentionally done, so it does not fit as naturally with 「ๅธฐใๆใซ」 when the intended meaning is “turn it on beforehand.”
2: ็ชใ้ใใใจ、ๆถผใใ้ขจใๅ ฅใใพใ。
Answer
็ชใ้ใใใจ、ๆถผใใ้ขจใๅ ฅใใพใ。
Explanation: For the conditional pattern 「Vใใจ」 used here to describe a natural or habitual result, the verb is normally used in the plain non-past form, so 「็ชใ้ใใใจ、ๆถผใใ้ขจใๅ ฅใใพใ」 is the expected form.
็ชใ้ใใใจ、ๆถผใใ้ขจใๅ ฅใใพใ。
Explanation: For the conditional pattern 「Vใใจ」 used here to describe a natural or habitual result, the verb is normally used in the plain non-past form, so 「็ชใ้ใใใจ、ๆถผใใ้ขจใๅ ฅใใพใ」 is the expected form.
3: ใใถใผใใฏใฑใผใญใใใพใ。
Answer
A: ใใถใผใใฏไฝใ้ธใณใพใใ。B: ใใถใผใใฏใฑใผใญใซใใพใ。
Explanation: 「Nใซใใพใ」 is used when choosing or deciding on something, such as 「ใณใผใใผใซใใพใ」 (“I’ll have coffee”) or 「ใใใซใใพใ」 (“I’ll choose this”). 「ใฑใผใญใใใพใ」 incorrectly treats the choice as an ordinary 「Nใใใพใ」 action, which is not the pattern used for selecting an option. Therefore, 「ใใถใผใใฏใฑใผใญใซใใพใ」 is the natural form when deciding to have cake for dessert.
A: ใใถใผใใฏไฝใ้ธใณใพใใ。B: ใใถใผใใฏใฑใผใญใซใใพใ。
Explanation: 「Nใซใใพใ」 is used when choosing or deciding on something, such as 「ใณใผใใผใซใใพใ」 (“I’ll have coffee”) or 「ใใใซใใพใ」 (“I’ll choose this”). 「ใฑใผใญใใใพใ」 incorrectly treats the choice as an ordinary 「Nใใใพใ」 action, which is not the pattern used for selecting an option. Therefore, 「ใใถใผใใฏใฑใผใญใซใใพใ」 is the natural form when deciding to have cake for dessert.
4: ใใฎๆ็ใฏ่พใใฆ、็งใฏ้ฃในใใพใใ。
Answer
ใใฎๆ็ใฏ่พใใฆ、็งใฏ้ฃในใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The standard potential form of the ichidan verb ้ฃในใ is ้ฃในใใใ, so the standard polite negative form is ้ฃในใใใพใใ. 「้ฃในใใ」 is a common colloquial ใ-less form (ใๆใ่จ่), especially in spoken Japanese, but it is generally avoided in standard/formal Japanese and is not the form expected in this exercise. Therefore, 「้ฃในใใใพใใ」 is the appropriate standard form here.
ใใฎๆ็ใฏ่พใใฆ、็งใฏ้ฃในใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The standard potential form of the ichidan verb ้ฃในใ is ้ฃในใใใ, so the standard polite negative form is ้ฃในใใใพใใ. 「้ฃในใใ」 is a common colloquial ใ-less form (ใๆใ่จ่), especially in spoken Japanese, but it is generally avoided in standard/formal Japanese and is not the form expected in this exercise. Therefore, 「้ฃในใใใพใใ」 is the appropriate standard form here.
5: ๆๆฅ、ๆฉใ่ตทใใใชใใใใใใพใใ。
Answer
ๆๆฅ、ๆฉใ่ตทใใใใชใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The potential form of the ichidan verb ่ตทใใ is ่ตทใใใใ, and its negative form is ่ตทใใใใชใ. The form ่ตทใใใชใ is incorrect because the potential ending 「ใใใ」 must become 「ใใใชใ」 in the negative. Therefore, the correct sentence is 「ๆๆฅ、ๆฉใ่ตทใใใใชใใใใใใพใใ」
ๆๆฅ、ๆฉใ่ตทใใใใชใใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The potential form of the ichidan verb ่ตทใใ is ่ตทใใใใ, and its negative form is ่ตทใใใใชใ. The form ่ตทใใใชใ is incorrect because the potential ending 「ใใใ」 must become 「ใใใชใ」 in the negative. Therefore, the correct sentence is 「ๆๆฅ、ๆฉใ่ตทใใใใชใใใใใใพใใ」
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ใในใไธญ、้ฃใฎไบบใจ่ฉฑใใชใใงใใ ใใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: V [ใฆ-form] ใฏใใใพใใ
Answer
ใในใไธญ、้ฃใฎไบบใจ่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: This sentence means “You must not talk to the person next to you during the test.” The original ่ฉฑใใชใใงใใ ใใ is a polite request not to do something, while ่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ expresses prohibition (“must not / may not”), so the meaning is essentially the same in this context.
ใในใไธญ、้ฃใฎไบบใจ่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: This sentence means “You must not talk to the person next to you during the test.” The original ่ฉฑใใชใใงใใ ใใ is a polite request not to do something, while ่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ expresses prohibition (“must not / may not”), so the meaning is essentially the same in this context.
2: ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ้ใใง、ไฝใฎ้ณใใใพใใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: ～ใ ่ฆใใพใ/่ใใใพใ
Answer
ใใฎ้จๅฑใงใฏไฝใ่ใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ่ใใใพใใ is the negative form of ่ใใใ, meaning “cannot be heard” or “nothing can be heard.” The original sentence says that the room is quiet and there are no sounds, so ใใฎ้จๅฑใงใฏไฝใ่ใใใพใใ naturally expresses the same idea.
ใใฎ้จๅฑใงใฏไฝใ่ใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ่ใใใพใใ is the negative form of ่ใใใ, meaning “cannot be heard” or “nothing can be heard.” The original sentence says that the room is quiet and there are no sounds, so ใใฎ้จๅฑใงใฏไฝใ่ใใใพใใ naturally expresses the same idea.
3: ๅ ๆฐใซใชใใใใงใ。ๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: …ใใใซ
Answer
ๅ ๆฐใซใชใใใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใพใ。
Explanation: ～ใใใซ is used to express a goal or desired result, often with a potential or non-volitional verb. Here, ๅ ๆฐใซใชใใใใใซ means “so that I can become healthy/well,” and ๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใพใ describes the action taken toward achieving that goal.
ๅ ๆฐใซใชใใใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใพใ。
Explanation: ～ใใใซ is used to express a goal or desired result, often with a potential or non-volitional verb. Here, ๅ ๆฐใซใชใใใใใซ means “so that I can become healthy/well,” and ๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใพใ describes the action taken toward achieving that goal.
4: ๅผใฏๆฉใ่ตฐใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: ๅฏ่ฝๅฝข
Answer
ๅผใฏๆฉใ่ตฐใใพใ。
Explanation: ่ตฐใ is a godan verb, and its potential form is ่ตฐใใ, meaning “can run” or “be able to run.” The original sentence describes the younger brother running fast, while the rewritten sentence expresses his ability to run fast.
ๅผใฏๆฉใ่ตฐใใพใ。
Explanation: ่ตฐใ is a godan verb, and its potential form is ่ตฐใใ, meaning “can run” or “be able to run.” The original sentence describes the younger brother running fast, while the rewritten sentence expresses his ability to run fast.
5: ไผ่ญฐใฎ่ณๆใใณใใผใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: V [ใฆ-form] ใใใพใ
Answer
ไผ่ญฐใฎ่ณๆใใณใใผใใฆใใใพใ。
Explanation: ～ใฆใใ expresses doing something in advance or as preparation for a future situation. Here, ใณใใผใใฆใใใพใ means “I will copy the meeting materials in advance,” implying that the copies will be prepared for later use.
ไผ่ญฐใฎ่ณๆใใณใใผใใฆใใใพใ。
Explanation: ～ใฆใใ expresses doing something in advance or as preparation for a future situation. Here, ใณใใผใใฆใใใพใ means “I will copy the meeting materials in advance,” implying that the copies will be prepared for later use.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๆฏๆฅ、ๆฅ่จใๆธใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
B: ไปๅค、ๆฉใๅฏใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
C: ่ฌใ้ฃฒใพใชใใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
D: ใใฃใจ้่ใ้ฃในใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ่ฌใ้ฃฒใพใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The negative form of ้ฃฒใ is ้ฃฒใพใชใ. To form the ～ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ obligation pattern, ใชใ changes to ใชใใฆ, giving ้ฃฒใพใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ (“must take the medicine”). Therefore, ้ฃฒใพใชใใใฆใฏใใใพใใ is grammatically incorrect because ใชใใใฆ is not the correct conjugation for this pattern.
C
Correct Sentence: ่ฌใ้ฃฒใพใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The negative form of ้ฃฒใ is ้ฃฒใพใชใ. To form the ～ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ obligation pattern, ใชใ changes to ใชใใฆ, giving ้ฃฒใพใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ (“must take the medicine”). Therefore, ้ฃฒใพใชใใใฆใฏใใใพใใ is grammatically incorrect because ใชใใใฆ is not the correct conjugation for this pattern.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๆๆฅใใใธใงใฎใณใฐใๅงใใใใจใซใใพใ。
B: ๆจๆฅ、ใซใกใฉใ่ฒทใใใจใซใใพใใ。
C: ๆๆฅใใ、ใธใงใฎใณใฐใใใใใพใ。
D: ไปๅนดใฏใใฃใจๆๅใๅๅผทใใใใจใซใใพใใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ๆๆฅใใ、ใธใงใฎใณใฐใใใใใจใซใใพใ。
Explanation: The decision pattern ～ใใจใซใใพใ is formed by attaching ใใจใซใใพใ to the dictionary form of a verb. Therefore, ใธใงใฎใณใฐใใใ becomes ใธใงใฎใณใฐใใใใใจใซใใพใ. The form ใใใใพใ is grammatically incorrect because ใใ cannot be followed directly by ใใพใ in this construction; ใใจใซ must be inserted between the verb and ใใพใ.
C
Correct Sentence: ๆๆฅใใ、ใธใงใฎใณใฐใใใใใจใซใใพใ。
Explanation: The decision pattern ～ใใจใซใใพใ is formed by attaching ใใจใซใใพใ to the dictionary form of a verb. Therefore, ใธใงใฎใณใฐใใใ becomes ใธใงใฎใณใฐใใใใใจใซใใพใ. The form ใใใใพใ is grammatically incorrect because ใใ cannot be followed directly by ใใพใ in this construction; ใใจใซ must be inserted between the verb and ใใพใ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ่ฉฆ้จไธญใซ、ๆบๅธฏ้ป่ฉฑใไฝฟใใฏใใใพใใ。
B: ใใฎๆฌใๆฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
C: ็
้ขใงๅคงๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
D: ้ง่ปๅ ดใง้ใใงใฏใใใพใใ。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ่ฉฆ้จไธญใซ、ๆบๅธฏ้ป่ฉฑใไฝฟใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The prohibition pattern ～ใฆใฏใใใพใใ requires the verb in its ใฆ-form. The dictionary form ไฝฟใ must therefore change to ไฝฟใฃใฆ, giving ๆบๅธฏ้ป่ฉฑใไฝฟใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ (“You must not use a mobile phone”). The form ไฝฟใใฏใใใพใใ is grammatically incorrect because the dictionary form cannot be used directly before ใฏใใใพใใ in this pattern.
A
Correct Sentence: ่ฉฆ้จไธญใซ、ๆบๅธฏ้ป่ฉฑใไฝฟใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The prohibition pattern ～ใฆใฏใใใพใใ requires the verb in its ใฆ-form. The dictionary form ไฝฟใ must therefore change to ไฝฟใฃใฆ, giving ๆบๅธฏ้ป่ฉฑใไฝฟใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใ (“You must not use a mobile phone”). The form ไฝฟใใฏใใใพใใ is grammatically incorrect because the dictionary form cannot be used directly before ใฏใใใพใใ in this pattern.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA: ๆๆฅ、็
้ขใธ่กใใใจใซใใพใ。
B: ไป้ฑๆซใฏๅฑ่ฆงไผใซ่กใใใจใซใใพใใ。
C: ๆฅๅนด、็ตๅฉใใใใพใ。
D: ใใฃใจๆฉใ่ตทใใใใจใซใใพใ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ๆฅๅนด、็ตๅฉใใใใจใซใใพใ。
Explanation: The decision pattern ～ใใจใซใใพใ is formed by attaching ใใจใซใใพใ to the dictionary form of a verb. Therefore, ็ตๅฉใใ must become ็ตๅฉใใใใจใซใใพใ when expressing the decision to get married. The form ็ตๅฉใใใใพใ is grammatically incorrect because ใใ cannot be followed directly by ใใพใ in this construction; ใใจใซ must be inserted between the verb and ใใพใ.
C
Correct Sentence: ๆฅๅนด、็ตๅฉใใใใจใซใใพใ。
Explanation: The decision pattern ～ใใจใซใใพใ is formed by attaching ใใจใซใใพใ to the dictionary form of a verb. Therefore, ็ตๅฉใใ must become ็ตๅฉใใใใจใซใใพใ when expressing the decision to get married. The form ็ตๅฉใใใใพใ is grammatically incorrect because ใใ cannot be followed directly by ใใพใ in this construction; ใใจใซ must be inserted between the verb and ใใพใ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ๆฅใซๅคงใใชๅฃฐใ（ ）ใจ、่ตคใกใใใๆณฃใใพใใ。
ChoicesA: ๅบใใ
B: ๅบใ
C: ๅบใใ
D: ๅบใใฐ
Answer
B
Explanation: The dictionary form + ใจ expresses a natural or predictable consequence, so ๅบใใจ means “when/if you make a loud noise, the baby will cry.” ๅบใใ is past, ๅบใใ is volitional, and ๅบใใฐ uses a different conditional pattern. Therefore, B is correct.
B
Explanation: The dictionary form + ใจ expresses a natural or predictable consequence, so ๅบใใจ means “when/if you make a loud noise, the baby will cry.” ๅบใใ is past, ๅบใใ is volitional, and ๅบใใฐ uses a different conditional pattern. Therefore, B is correct.
2: ๆ ่กใฎๅใซ、ใใใซใ（ ）ใใใพใ。
ChoicesA: ไบ็ดใใ
B: ไบ็ดใใฆ
C: ไบ็ดใใ
D: ไบ็ดใ
Answer
B
Explanation: ～ใฆใใใพใ requires the te-form of a verb to mean “do in advance”. ไบ็ดใใฆ is the te-form of ไบ็ดใใ. The other options are the dictionary form, past form, and ใพใ-stem, none of which can directly precede ใใใพใ.
B
Explanation: ～ใฆใใใพใ requires the te-form of a verb to mean “do in advance”. ไบ็ดใใฆ is the te-form of ไบ็ดใใ. The other options are the dictionary form, past form, and ใพใ-stem, none of which can directly precede ใใใพใ.
3: ๆๆฅใพใงใซใฌใใผใใ（ ）ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
ChoicesA: ๅบใ
B: ๅบใใฆ
C: ๅบใ
D: ๅบใ
Answer
D
Explanation: The pattern ～ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ means “must do,” so the negative form ๅบใใชใ becomes ๅบใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ. Therefore, D: ๅบใ is correct. The other forms cannot be used in this pattern.
D
Explanation: The pattern ～ใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ means “must do,” so the negative form ๅบใใชใ becomes ๅบใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ. Therefore, D: ๅบใ is correct. The other forms cannot be used in this pattern.
4: ็ชใ้ใใใจ、้ณฅใฎๅฃฐใ（ ）。
ChoicesA: ่ใใใพใ
B: ่ใใใพใใ
C: ่ใใฆใใพใ
D: ่ใใพใ
Answer
A
Explanation: ่ใใใพใ means that a sound is naturally heard or perceived, so A is correct. The other choices do not fit the sentence structure or intended meaning.
A
Explanation: ่ใใใพใ means that a sound is naturally heard or perceived, so A is correct. The other choices do not fit the sentence structure or intended meaning.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๅฝผๅฅณใธใฎใใฌใผใณใใฏ่ฑใใใพใ。
Answer
ๅฝผๅฅณใธใฎใใฌใผใณใใฏ่ฑใซใใพใ。
Explanation: When choosing or deciding on something, Japanese uses the pattern 「Nใซใใพใ」, meaning “I’ll choose N” or “I’ll go with N.” Therefore, 「ๅฝผๅฅณใธใฎใใฌใผใณใใฏ่ฑใซใใพใ」 means “I’ll choose flowers as her gift.” 「่ฑใใใพใ」 is incorrect because ่ฑ does not form a natural 「Nใใใ」 expression with this meaning.
ๅฝผๅฅณใธใฎใใฌใผใณใใฏ่ฑใซใใพใ。
Explanation: When choosing or deciding on something, Japanese uses the pattern 「Nใซใใพใ」, meaning “I’ll choose N” or “I’ll go with N.” Therefore, 「ๅฝผๅฅณใธใฎใใฌใผใณใใฏ่ฑใซใใพใ」 means “I’ll choose flowers as her gift.” 「่ฑใใใพใ」 is incorrect because ่ฑ does not form a natural 「Nใใใ」 expression with this meaning.
2: ใใใใๅ็ฉ้คจใ่ฆใใพใ。
Answer
ใใใใๅ็ฉ้คจใ่ฆใใพใ。
Explanation: 「่ฆใใ」is an intransitive verb meaning “to be visible” or “can be seen,” so the thing that is visible is normally marked with 「ใ」. Therefore, 「ใใใใๅ็ฉ้คจใ่ฆใใพใ」 means “The museum is visible from here.” 「ๅ็ฉ้คจใ่ฆใใพใ」 is incorrect because 「ใ」marks the direct object of a transitive verb such as 「่ฆใ」, whereas 「่ฆใใ」does not take a direct object.
ใใใใๅ็ฉ้คจใ่ฆใใพใ。
Explanation: 「่ฆใใ」is an intransitive verb meaning “to be visible” or “can be seen,” so the thing that is visible is normally marked with 「ใ」. Therefore, 「ใใใใๅ็ฉ้คจใ่ฆใใพใ」 means “The museum is visible from here.” 「ๅ็ฉ้คจใ่ฆใใพใ」 is incorrect because 「ใ」marks the direct object of a transitive verb such as 「่ฆใ」, whereas 「่ฆใใ」does not take a direct object.
3: ็ชใ้ใใใจ、ๆณขใฎ้ณใ่ใใใพใ。
Answer
็ชใ้ใใใจ、ๆณขใฎ้ณใ่ใใใพใ。
Explanation: 「่ใใใ」is an intransitive verb meaning “to be audible” or “can be heard,” so the sound that is heard is normally marked with 「ใ」. Therefore, 「ๆณขใฎ้ณใ่ใใใพใ」 means “The sound of the waves can be heard.” 「ๆณขใฎ้ณใ่ใใใพใ」 is incorrect because 「ใ」marks the direct object of the transitive verb 「่ใ」, while 「่ใใใ」does not take a direct object.
็ชใ้ใใใจ、ๆณขใฎ้ณใ่ใใใพใ。
Explanation: 「่ใใใ」is an intransitive verb meaning “to be audible” or “can be heard,” so the sound that is heard is normally marked with 「ใ」. Therefore, 「ๆณขใฎ้ณใ่ใใใพใ」 means “The sound of the waves can be heard.” 「ๆณขใฎ้ณใ่ใใใพใ」 is incorrect because 「ใ」marks the direct object of the transitive verb 「่ใ」, while 「่ใใใ」does not take a direct object.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใใ่ฉฑใๅฃฐใใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: ～ใ ่ฆใใพใ/่ใใใพใ
Answer
้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใใ่ฉฑใๅฃฐใ่ใใใพใ。
Explanation: ～ใใใพใ is used to express sensory perceptions such as sounds, smells, or tastes, while ～ใ่ใใใพใ specifically means that a sound can be heard or is audible. Therefore, ้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใใ่ฉฑใๅฃฐใ่ใใใพใ naturally expresses that voices can be heard coming from the next room and correctly uses the target grammar.
้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใใ่ฉฑใๅฃฐใ่ใใใพใ。
Explanation: ～ใใใพใ is used to express sensory perceptions such as sounds, smells, or tastes, while ～ใ่ใใใพใ specifically means that a sound can be heard or is audible. Therefore, ้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใใ่ฉฑใๅฃฐใ่ใใใพใ naturally expresses that voices can be heard coming from the next room and correctly uses the target grammar.
2: ็ชใฎๅคใซๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใใใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: ～ใ ่ฆใใพใ/่ใใใพใ
Answer
็ชใฎๅคใซๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใ。
Explanation: ～ใ่ฆใใพใ is used to say that something is visible or can be seen, without emphasizing the intentional action of looking at it. Therefore, ็ชใฎๅคใซๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใ naturally means “Mount Fuji can be seen outside the window” and correctly uses the target grammar.
็ชใฎๅคใซๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใ。
Explanation: ～ใ่ฆใใพใ is used to say that something is visible or can be seen, without emphasizing the intentional action of looking at it. Therefore, ็ชใฎๅคใซๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใ่ฆใใพใ naturally means “Mount Fuji can be seen outside the window” and correctly uses the target grammar.
3: ๆฅใซใชใใพใ。ๆกใๅฒใใพใ。
Rewrite the sentence using: V dictionary form ใจ、…
Answer
ๆฅใซใชใใจ、ๆกใๅฒใใพใ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใจ is used to express a natural, automatic, or predictable result: when one event or condition occurs, another follows. Here, ๆฅใซใชใใจ、ๆกใๅฒใใพใ means “When spring comes, the cherry blossoms bloom,” describing a natural seasonal relationship. The two original sentences are therefore naturally combined using ～ใจ.
ๆฅใซใชใใจ、ๆกใๅฒใใพใ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใจ is used to express a natural, automatic, or predictable result: when one event or condition occurs, another follows. Here, ๆฅใซใชใใจ、ๆกใๅฒใใพใ means “When spring comes, the cherry blossoms bloom,” describing a natural seasonal relationship. The two original sentences are therefore naturally combined using ～ใจ.
⚠️
AI-generated content
The dialogue, images, audio, and exercises on this page were generated with the help of artificial intelligence for Japanese study practice. All content has been reviewed, adapted, and organized.
Comments
Post a Comment