Day N4 - 16 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 16
After reading the original text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-16.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar introduced in the shadowing practice.
Grammar practiced:
✓ V dictionary form ことがある
✓ V dictionary form + な
✓ V［ます-form］なさい
✓ V［dictionary form］のに〜
✓ N が します
✓ N のほうが adj です
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
🔍 Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: この道より駅前の道のほうが広かったです。
Explanation: For い-adjectives, the polite past form is made by changing the final い to かった and adding です, so 広い becomes 広かったです.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: 食べたくなかったのに、母に全部食べさせられました。
Explanation: To form the causative-passive of an ichidan verb such as 食べる, remove る and add させられる, giving 食べさせられる. This form expresses being made or forced to do something.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: 数学より文学のほうが面白いです。
Explanation: In the comparison pattern AよりBのほうが～, が marks the item that has the stated quality to a greater degree. Since 面白い is an い-adjective, 文学のほう is not a direct object and cannot normally be marked with を here.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: 駅に着いたら、私に連絡してください。
Explanation: The pattern ～てください is used to make a polite request and must be attached to the verb’s て-form. For する verbs such as 連絡する, the て-form is して, so the correct form is 連絡してください.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: 学生が危険な物を学校に持ってきたので、先生は強い声で「これからは、危険な物を学校に（ ）」と言いました。
ChoicesB
Explanation: Here, 持ち込むな uses the pattern dictionary form + な, which is a strong negative command meaning “do not do something.” This form fits the situation because the teacher is firmly prohibiting students from bringing dangerous objects into the school.
2: A：毎日部屋を片付けていますか。 B：はい。でも、（ ）。
ChoicesA
Explanation: The answer must agree with はい, which confirms that the speaker cleans the room every day, and it must also fit でも, which introduces a contrast. 毎日片付けているのに、なかなか片付きません expresses exactly this contrast: even though the speaker cleans every day, the room does not get tidy easily.
3: 母は私に、「使った道具は、後でちゃんと（ ）」と言いました。
ChoicesD
Explanation: The mother is giving the speaker a direct instruction about what to do with tools after using them, so 片付けなさい is appropriate because verb stem + なさい is used to give a firm instruction or command.
4: A：数学と文学では、どちらが面白いですか。 B：数学はあまり好きではありません。本を読むのが好きなので、（ ）。
ChoicesD
Explanation: The speaker says they do not like mathematics very much and then gives 本を読むのが好きなので as the reason for their preference, so the conclusion should be that literature is more interesting. 文学のほうが面白いです fits the comparison pattern AよりBのほうが〜 / Bのほうが〜 and answers the question directly.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: 近くで事故があった。危険だから、ここから動きるな。
近くで事故があった。危険だから、ここから動くな。
Explanation: The negative command pattern verb dictionary form + な is used to strongly tell someone not to do something. Since 動く (“to move”) is a godan verb, its dictionary form remains 動く before な, giving 動くな.
2: 学校のルールには「危険な物を学校に持ち込みるな」と書いてあります。
学校のルールには「危険な物を学校に持ち込むな」と書いてあります。
Explanation: The prohibition pattern verb dictionary form + な is used to tell someone strongly not to do something. 持ち込む is a godan verb, so its dictionary form stays 持ち込む before な, giving 持ち込むな.
3: このワインは、確かに深い味がするです。
このワインは、確かに深い味がします。
Explanation: In Japanese, です is not normally added directly after the dictionary form of a verb, so するです is incorrect. To make する polite, it changes to します. In the expression 味がする, which is used to describe the kind of taste something has, the polite form is therefore 味がします.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
🔍 Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: 雨が降っても、ハイキングに行きます。
Explanation: The pattern ～ても means “even if” or “even though” and is formed by attaching も to the verb’s て-form. The て-form of 降る is 降って, so the correct form is 降っても.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: この重い箱は一人で運びにくいです。
Explanation: The pattern ～にくい means that something is difficult to do and is attached to the ます-stem of a verb. For 運ぶ, the ます-form is 運びます, so the stem is 運び, giving 運びにくい.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: 自分の部屋を片付けなさい。
Explanation: The pattern ～なさい is used to give a firm instruction and is attached to the ます-stem of a verb.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: 日曜日なのに、本社で働かなくてはなりません。
Explanation: The pattern ～のに means “although” or “even though.” When it follows a noun, な must be inserted before のに, so 日曜日 becomes 日曜日なのに.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: 弟は元気なのに、今日は学校を休みました。
Explanation: When ～のに follows a な-adjective, な must come before のに. Since 元気 is a な-adjective, the correct form is 元気なのに.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: この二つの専門学校では、この学校よりあの学校のほうを人気です。
この二つの専門学校では、この学校よりあの学校のほうが人気です。
Explanation: In the comparison pattern AよりBのほうが～, が marks the item that has the quality being compared. Since 人気です describes a state or characteristic rather than an action performed on an object, を cannot be used here.
2: 母は子どもに、「食べ物を皿に残しるな」と言いました。
母は子どもに、「食べ物を皿に残すな」と言いました。
Explanation: The prohibition pattern verb dictionary form + な is used to strongly tell someone not to do something.
3: 先生は学生に、「毎日少しずつ予習をするなさい」と言いました。
先生は学生に、「毎日少しずつ予習をしなさい」と言いました。
Explanation: The pattern verb stem + なさい is used to give an instruction or command. With する, the ます form is します, so the stem is し-, giving しなさい.
4: 私は数学より文学ほうが面白いです。
私は数学より文学のほうが面白いです。
Explanation: In the comparison pattern AよりBのほうが～, の is required between the noun being compared and ほう.
5: 今日は日曜日のに、本社へ行かなくてはなりません。
今日は日曜日なのに、本社へ行かなくてはなりません。
Explanation: When のに follows a noun, な must be inserted before it, giving the pattern noun + なのに.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: 故障した機械を直しましたが、まだ動きません。
故障した機械を直したのに、まだ動きません。
Explanation: Using ～のに highlights a contrast between what was expected and what actually happened. Compared with ～が, which simply connects two contrasting facts in a relatively neutral way, ～のに adds a stronger sense of surprise, disappointment, or frustration because fixing the machine would normally be expected to make it work. Since ～のに attaches to the plain form, 直しました changes to 直した before のに.
2: この機械は新しいですが、もう故障しました。
この機械は新しいのに、もう故障しました。
Explanation: Using ～のに emphasizes that the second situation is unexpected in light of the first. Compared with ～が, which simply presents a contrast, ～のに conveys the nuance that a new machine would normally not be expected to break down so soon, so it adds a sense of surprise or dissatisfaction. Because 新しい is an い-adjective, ～のに attaches directly to it as 新しいのに.
3: 先輩は後輩に、学園祭のために昼休みにクラブの部屋を飾るように言いました。
先輩は後輩に、「学園祭のために昼休みにクラブの部屋を飾りなさい」と言いました。
Explanation: Using V［ます-form］なさい changes the original indirect instruction into a direct command. Compared with ～ように言いました, which reports what someone was told to do in a more neutral way, ～なさい sounds firmer and reflects the speaker’s authority over the listener. To form it, take the ます-form stem of 飾ります, remove ます, and add なさい, giving 飾りなさい.
4: 先生は学生に、使った道具をちゃんと片付けるように言いました。
先生は学生に、「使った道具をちゃんと片付けなさい」と言いました。
Explanation: Using V［ます-form］なさい turns the reported instruction into a direct command. Compared with ～ように言いました, which neutrally describes what the teacher told the students to do, ～なさい sounds more direct and authoritative, which is natural for a teacher giving instructions. To form it, use the ます-form stem of 片付けます and add なさい, resulting in 片付けなさい.
5: この箱はあの箱より重いです。
この箱のほうがあの箱より重いです。
Explanation: Using N のほうが shifts the focus to which of the two items has a stronger degree of the adjective. While the original sentence simply states the comparison with ～より, adding のほうが makes the contrast more explicit by highlighting this box as the heavier one. The pattern is often used as N1 のほうが N2 より adj です when directly comparing two things.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
🔍 Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: 黒板の文をノートに書きなさい。
Explanation: The pattern ～なさい is used to give a firm instruction and attaches to the ます-stem of a verb.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: この和室よりあの洋室のほうが静かです。
Explanation: With な-adjectives, な is used before a noun, as in 静かな部屋, but it is not used directly before です.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: 時間があれば、引っ越しを手伝ってください。
Explanation: To form the ～ば conditional of a godan verb, change the final -u sound to the corresponding -e sound and add ば. For ある, this gives あれば, meaning “if there is” or “if you have.”.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: 早く家を出たのに、集合時間に遅れました。
Explanation: When ～のに follows a verb, it attaches directly to the verb in its plain form. Since 出た is the plain past form of 出る, the correct expression is 出たのに.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: A：この二つの箱では、どちらが運びやすいですか。 B：あちらは大きくて重いですが、こちらは小さくて軽いですから、（ ）。
ChoicesA
Explanation: The speaker contrasts the two boxes by saying that one is large and heavy while the other is small and light, so こちらの箱のほうが運びやすいです is the logical conclusion. The pattern Nのほうが + adjective is used to say that one item has a certain quality to a greater degree than another.
2: 父は、妹の玩具をかばんに入れた子どもに、「それは妹の玩具だ。妹が今日使うから、（ ）」と言いました。
ChoicesC
Explanation: The father explains that the toy belongs to the younger sister and that she will use it today, so he is clearly telling the child not to take it away. 持っていくな uses dictionary form + な, a strong negative command meaning “do not take it.”.
3: 父は、服や本がたくさん置いてある私の部屋を見て、「友達が来る前に、自分で（ ）」と言いました。
ChoicesC
Explanation: The father sees that the room is cluttered with clothes and books and tells the speaker what to do before a friend comes over, so 片付けなさい is appropriate because verb stem + なさい is used to give a firm instruction.
4: A：この下宿の洋室と和室では、どちらが広いですか。 B：洋室は小さくて、和室は大きいですから、（ ）。
ChoicesD
Explanation: The speaker says that the Western-style room is small and the Japanese-style room is large, so 和室のほうが広いです is the only conclusion that matches the information given. The pattern Nのほうが + adjective is used to compare two things and indicate which one has a certain quality to a greater degree. Choices A and C incorrectly describe the Western-style room as larger or more spacious, while B says the Japanese-style room is narrower, which directly contradicts the description 和室は大きいです.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: 使った道具はちゃんと片付けるなさい。
使った道具はちゃんと片付けなさい。
Explanation: The pattern verb stem + なさい is used to give an instruction or command. Since 片付ける is an ichidan verb, remove る to get the stem 片付け-, then add なさい, giving 片付けなさい.
2: この機械は新しいなのに、もう故障しました。
この機械は新しいのに、もう故障しました。
Explanation: When のに follows an い-adjective, it attaches directly to the adjective, as in 新しいのに. The form なのに is used after nouns and な-adjectives, not after い-adjectives.
3: 工場の入口に「関係のない人は中に入りるな」と書いてあります。
工場の入口に「関係のない人は中に入るな」と書いてあります。
Explanation: The prohibition pattern verb dictionary form + な is used to strongly tell someone not to do something. Although 入る ends in る, it is a godan verb, so its dictionary form remains 入る before な, giving 入るな.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: さっき、台所から皿が割れる音が聞こえました。
さっき、台所から皿が割れる音がしました。
Explanation: Using N がします presents the sound as something that was perceived or noticed, while 聞こえました focuses more specifically on the fact that it was audible. With sensory nouns such as 音, 声, におい, and 味, ～がします is a very natural way to express noticing a sound, smell, taste, or similar sensation. Here, 音がしました naturally conveys that the sound of the plate breaking was heard coming from the kitchen.
2: 今年の学園祭は去年の学園祭より楽しいです。
今年の学園祭のほうが去年の学園祭より楽しいです。
Explanation: Using N のほうが makes the comparison more explicit by highlighting one of the two school festivals as having a stronger degree of the adjective. Compared with a sentence that only uses ～より, this pattern puts more emphasis on this year’s festival as the more enjoyable one. The structure N1 のほうが N2 より adj です is especially useful when directly comparing two things and stating which one has more of a certain quality.
3: 事務所から機械が動いている音が聞こえます。
事務所から機械が動いている音がします。
Explanation: Using N がします describes the perception of a sound in a natural, sensory way, while 聞こえます focuses more directly on the fact that the sound can be heard. With 音, ～がします is commonly used when you notice or become aware of a sound coming from somewhere. In this case, it gives the nuance that the sound of the machine operating is coming from the office.
💬 Complete the Dialogue
Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.
Question 1:
A：来月から通訳を担当することになったんだ。
B：英語は大丈夫なの？
A：ううん。実は苦手なんだ。
B：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
A：会社で決まったから、頑張るよ。
英語が苦手なのに、通訳を担当するの？
Explanation: The Suggested Answer 「英語が苦手なのに、通訳を担当するの？」 fits naturally because B is reacting with surprise to an unexpected contrast: A is not confident in English, but has still been assigned to work as an interpreter. The grammar ～のに is used to connect two facts that seem contradictory or contrary to what would normally be expected, so it works especially well in this context. The question ending ～の？ also makes B’s reaction sound conversational and shows that B is asking for confirmation because the situation is surprising.
Question 2:
A：この機械、使ってみてもいい？
B：さっき故障したんだ。今、担当の人を呼んでいるから、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
担当の人が来るまで、その機械を使うな。
Explanation: The Suggested Answer 「担当の人が来るまで、その機械を使うな。」 fits the situation because B needs to stop A from using a machine that has just broken down. The pattern V dictionary form + な expresses a strong prohibition or command meaning “don’t do ~,” so 使うな is appropriate when the speaker wants to clearly prevent an action. Adding ～まで also makes the instruction more specific by showing that the prohibition continues until the person in charge arrives.
Question 3:
A：この下宿には和室と洋室があります。
B：広い部屋を使いたいんですが、どちらがいいでしょうか。
A：和室には大きな家具も置けますよ。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
洋室より和室のほうが広いですから、和室がいいと思います。
Explanation: The Suggested Answer 「洋室より和室のほうが広いですから、和室がいいと思います。」 fits the dialogue because B wants to choose the more spacious room, and A gives a clear comparison before making a recommendation. The pattern N のほうが + adjective is used to say that one option has a certain quality to a greater degree than another, so 和室のほうが広いです directly explains why the Japanese-style room is the better choice. Using ～ですから also connects that comparison naturally to A’s recommendation.
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