Day N4 - 13 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 13
After reading the original text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-13.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar introduced in the shadowing practice.
Grammar practiced:
✓ 〜ใชใ
✓ V［conditional form］ใใใงใใ
✓ Nใฎใใใซ/V [dictionary form] ใใใซ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ็ณ่พผๆธใ็กใใใใใงใใ、ใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: When asking what someone should do, Japanese commonly uses the pattern ใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใ, where ใใใฐ is the conditional form of ใใ (“to do”).
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๆฏใฎใใใซ、ๅค้ฃฏใไฝใใพใใ。
Explanation: When ใใ means “for the sake of” or “for someone’s benefit,” it is followed by the particle ใซ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ่ฉฆ้จใฎใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅๆฐๅญฆใๅพฉ็ฟใใฆใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใใ expresses a purpose or goal, it is normally followed by the particle ใซ, forming ใใใซ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ่ฑ่ฆใซ่กใใชใ、ๆใใๆใ็ใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: When ใชใ is attached to a verb, it follows the verb’s plain form directly, so ่กใใชใ is correct. The copula ใ is not inserted between a verb and ใชใ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ๆๆฅใฎๆๆฅญใฎๆ้ใๅใใใชใใใงใใ、ใฉใใง（ ）。
ChoicesD
Explanation: To ask what you should do, Japanese often uses the pattern ～ใฐใใใงใใ, meaning “what/where/how should I...?” For an ichidan verb like ่ชฟในใ, the ～ใฐ conditional is formed by removing ใ and adding ใใฐ, so ่ชฟในใ → ่ชฟในใใฐ.
2: ๆฅๆใฎ่ฉฆ้จ（ ）、ๆฏๆฅใกใใใจๅพฉ็ฟใใฆใใพใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: When ใใใซ follows a noun, the noun is connected with ใฎ, giving the pattern Nใฎใใใซ. This pattern can express a purpose or goal, so ่ฉฆ้จใฎใใใซ means doing something in preparation for or for the sake of the exam.
3: ๆๆฅใฎๆฏ่ฒใใใใใใฉใใ、ใพใ ๅใใใพใใ。ใใใ（ ）、ๅ็ใๆฎใฃใฆใใใใใงใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: With a na-adjective such as ใใใ, the conditional ใชใ attaches directly to the adjective: ใใใใชใ. You do not add ใช or ใ before ใชใ.
4: ใซใผใใ็กใใใใใงใใ、ใพใใฉใ（ ）。
ChoicesB
Explanation: The verb ใใ is irregular, and its ～ใฐ conditional form is ใใใฐ.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๅฎถๆใใใซ、ๅค้ฃฏใไฝใใพใใ。
ๅฎถๆใฎใใใซ、ๅค้ฃฏใไฝใใพใใ。
Explanation: When ใใใซ follows a noun, the particle ใฎ is required: noun + ใฎใใใซ.
2: ๅญฆๆ กใซ้ ใใใใชๆใฏ、่ชฐใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใฐใใใงใใ。
ๅญฆๆ กใซ้ ใใใใชๆใฏ、่ชฐใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The verb ใใ is irregular, so its ～ใฐ conditional form is ใใใฐ.
3: ็พ้ใใชใใ ใชใ、ใซใผใใไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
็พ้ใใชใใชใ、ใซใผใใไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: When ใชใ follows a verb or an i-adjective, it attaches directly to the plain form.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ็พ้ใชใ、ใใใงไฝฟใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใชใ follows a noun, it attaches directly to the noun.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๅฎถๆใฎใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅๅใใฆใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใใ follows a noun, the noun is connected to it with ใฎ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ใซใผใใไฝฟใใชใใชใ、็พ้ใงๆใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: When ใชใ follows a verb or an ใ-adjective, it attaches directly to the plain form, so ไฝฟใใชใใชใ is correct.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๅญฆๆ กใซใฏไฝๆใซๆฅใใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: When asking what time one should come, Japanese uses the pattern ～ใฐใใใงใใ with the verb in its ～ใฐ conditional form. The verb ๆฅใ changes irregularly to ๆฅใใฐ.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๆใใใชใ、ๅคใงใฉใณใใ้ฃในใพใใใ。
Explanation: When ใชใ follows an ใ-adjective, it attaches directly to the adjective in its plain form, as in ๆใใใชใ.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๅฐ้ขจใใใซ、่ฑ่ฆใซๅๅ ใงใใพใใใงใใ。
ๅฐ้ขจใฎใใใซ、่ฑ่ฆใซๅๅ ใงใใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: When ใใใซ follows a noun, the particle ใฎ is required, so the correct pattern is noun + ใฎใใใซ.
2: ่ท็ฉใ้ใๆใฏ、ใฉใใใฃใฆ้ใถใฐใใใงใใ。
่ท็ฉใ้ใๆใฏ、ใฉใใใฃใฆ้ในใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: For Group 1 verbs, the ～ใฐ conditional is formed by changing the final u sound to the corresponding e sound and adding ใฐ.
3: ็พ้ใฏไฝฟใใพใใใ、ใซใผใใ ใชใใใใงไฝฟใใพใ。
็พ้ใฏไฝฟใใพใใใ、ใซใผใใชใใใใงไฝฟใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใชใ follows a noun, it attaches directly to the noun, so ใซใผใใชใ is correct.
4: ใคใใณใใซๅๅ ใใใใใงใใ、ใฉใใง็ณใ่พผใใฐใใใงใใ。
ใคใใณใใซๅๅ ใใใใใงใใ、ใฉใใง็ณใ่พผใใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: For Group 1 verbs, the ～ใฐ conditional is formed by changing the final u sound to the corresponding e sound and adding ใฐ.
5: ๅๆฅ้ฑ、่ฑ่ฆใซ่กใใ ใชใ、ๆใใๆใๅฟ ่ฆใงใ。
ๅๆฅ้ฑ、่ฑ่ฆใซ่กใใชใ、ๆใใๆใๅฟ ่ฆใงใ。
Explanation: When ใชใ follows a verb, it attaches directly to the verb’s plain form, so ่กใใชใ is correct.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ใใฎๆฏ่ฒใๅ็ใซๆฎใใใใใงใใ、ใฉใใซ็ซใฃใใใใใงใใ。
ใใฎๆฏ่ฒใๅ็ใซๆฎใใใใใงใใ、ใฉใใซ็ซใฆใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The ～ใใใใใงใใ and ～ใฐใใใงใใ patterns can both be used to ask for advice about what action would be appropriate. In this case, changing ็ซใฃใใ to ็ซใฆใฐ preserves the meaning while using the requested conditional form. ～ใฐใใใงใใ often sounds slightly more direct and focused on asking what condition or action would be best, whereas ～ใใใใใงใใ can feel a little more conversational and is very common in everyday speech.
2: ็พ้ใใชใใฃใใ、ใซใผใใไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
็พ้ใใชใใชใ、ใซใผใใไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: ～ใใ presents the situation as a condition that may occur, while ～ใชใ is often used when the condition is treated as given, assumed, or relevant to the current context. Here, using ～ใชใ makes the suggestion sound like a response to the possibility or fact that there is no cash available. Both patterns work naturally, but ～ใชใ has a slightly stronger “if that is the case” nuance.
3: ๅผใฃ่ถใใฎใง、ๅคงใใช็ฎฑใ็จๆใใพใใ。
ๅผใฃ่ถใใฎใใใซ、ๅคงใใช็ฎฑใ็จๆใใพใใ。
Explanation: ～ใฎใง explains the reason or cause for an action, while Nใฎใใใซ presents a noun as the purpose or reason for doing something. Here, ๅผใฃ่ถใ is changed to the noun ๅผใฃ่ถใ so it can be used before ใฎใใใซ. This makes the sentence sound slightly more formal and purpose-focused than the original.
4: ใซใผใใ็กใใใใ、ใฉใใใใใใใงใใ。
ใซใผใใ็กใใใใ、ใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ～ใใใใใงใใ and ～ใฐใใใงใใ can both be used to ask what action is appropriate in a situation. Here, ใฉใใใใใใใงใใ is changed to ใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใ, which keeps the same basic meaning but uses the conditional form of ใใ. ～ใฐใใใงใใ can sound slightly more concise and focused on asking for the best course of action.
5: ๆๆฅใๆฏ่ฒใใใใใ ใฃใใ、ๅ็ใๆฎใฃใฆใใใพใใใ。
ๆๆฅใๆฏ่ฒใใใใใชใ、ๅ็ใๆฎใฃใฆใใใพใใใ。
Explanation: ～ใใ presents the condition as something that may happen or become true, while ～ใชใ treats it more as an assumed or relevant condition. In this case, ～ใชใ gives the sense of “if that is the case tomorrow,” making the suggestion feel slightly more based on that condition, while ～ใใ sounds a little more neutral and event-based.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๅญฆๆ กใฎใใใซ、ใใฎๆดปๅใซๅๅ ใใฆใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใใใซ means “for the sake of” or “for the benefit of” something, a noun must be connected to it with ใฎ, following the pattern noun + ใฎใใใซ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๅ ดๆใ้ใใชใ、ใใใงๅๅผทใใพใใใ。
Explanation: With ใช-adjectives, the conditional form ใชใ attaches directly to the adjective stem, so ้ใ becomes ้ใใชใ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ้ค ใฏใฉใ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ้ฃในใ is a Group 2 (ichidan) verb. To make the ใฐ-form of a Group 2 verb, remove the final ใ and add ใใฐ: ้ฃในใ → ้ฃในใใฐ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ้ง ใงไฝๆใพใงๅพ ใฆใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ๅพ ใค is a Group 1 (godan) verb. To make the ใฐ-form of a Group 1 verb, change the final ใ-row sound to the corresponding ใ-row sound and add ใฐ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ่ฑ่ฆใซใฏ、่ชฐใ（ ）。
ChoicesC
Explanation: The pattern ～ใฐใใใงใใ is used to ask what someone should do or what would be a good choice. To form the ～ใฐ conditional with a godan verb ending in ใ, change the final ใ to ใ and add ใฐ.
2: A：่ชฐใฎใใใซๆฏๆฉๅค้ฃฏใไฝใฃใฆใใใใงใใ。 B：ๅฎถๆ（ ）、ไฝใฃใฆใใพใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: The question uses ่ชฐใฎใใใซ to ask who the dinner is being made for, so the answer should use the same relationship: ๅฎถๆใฎใใใซ. The pattern Noun + ใฎใใใซ means “for the sake of / for” someone and expresses the beneficiary of an action.
3: A：ๅๆฅ้ฑ、่ฑ่ฆใซ่กใใใฉใใ่ฟทใฃใฆใใพใ。 B：（ ）、ๆใใๆใๅฟ ่ฆใงใใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: The pattern ～ใชใ is used when giving advice or making a statement based on a condition or possibility mentioned by someone else. Since the speaker is still unsure whether they will go, ่กใใชใ naturally means “if you are going / if you decide to go” and introduces appropriate advice about what will be needed.
4: A：ๆๆฅใฎใคใใณใใซๅๅ ใใใใฉใใ、ใพใ ่ฟทใฃใฆใใพใ。 B：ๅๅ ใใชใ（ ）、ไปๆฅไธญใซในใฟใใใธ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใใ ใใ。
ChoicesA
Explanation: The pattern ～ใชใ can follow the plain negative form of a verb to express a condition such as “if you are not going to...” or “if you decide not to....” Since ๅๅ ใใชใ is the plain negative form of ๅๅ ใใ, adding ใชใ gives the natural conditional form ๅๅ ใใชใใชใ.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ่ฑ่ฆใๆฅฝใใใ ใชใ、ๆฅๅนดใๅๅ ใใใใงใ。
่ฑ่ฆใๆฅฝใใใชใ、ๆฅๅนดใๅๅ ใใใใงใ。
Explanation: With ใชใ, an ใ-adjective is used directly before the conditional form, so ๆฅฝใใใชใ is correct.
2: ่ฉฆ้จใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅๅพฉ็ฟใใฆใใพใ。
่ฉฆ้จใฎใใใซ、ๆฏๆฅๅพฉ็ฟใใฆใใพใ。
Explanation: When ใใใซ follows a noun, the noun must be connected with ใฎ, so ่ฉฆ้จใฎใใใซ is the correct form.
3: ่ฒกๅธใ็กใใใใ、่ชฐใซ็ธ่ซใใใฐใใใงใใ。
่ฒกๅธใ็กใใใใ、่ชฐใซ็ธ่ซใใใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: In the pattern ～ใฐใใใงใใ, the verb must be changed into its ใฐ conditional form.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๅฐ้ขจใๆฅใใฎใง、ๅทฅๅ ดใฎ่ฆๅญฆใซๅๅ ใงใใพใใใงใใ。
ๅฐ้ขจใฎใใใซ、ๅทฅๅ ดใฎ่ฆๅญฆใซๅๅ ใงใใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: Using Nใฎใใใซ makes the reason sound slightly more formal and objective than ใฎใง. It is often used to explain the cause of an unfavorable or unintended result, so it fits naturally here because the typhoon prevented the speaker from participating in the factory tour. With a noun, simply attach ใฎใใใซ directly to it.
2: ไบๆ ใใใฃใใฎใง、ๅญฆๆ กใซ้ ใใพใใ。
ไบๆ ใฎใใใซ、ๅญฆๆ กใซ้ ใใพใใ。
Explanation: Nใฎใใใซ is more formal and objective than ใฎใง, and it is often used when describing the cause of a negative or inconvenient result. Here, the accident is presented as the reason for being late, so ไบๆ ใฎใใใซ sounds natural and appropriate.
3: ่ฑ่ฆใซๅๅ ใใใใใงใใ、ใฉใใง็ณใ่พผใใ ใใใใงใใ。
่ฑ่ฆใซๅๅ ใใใใใงใใ、ใฉใใง็ณใ่พผใใฐใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The pattern V［conditional form］ใใใงใใ is used to ask for advice or instructions about what action is appropriate. Compared with ～ใใใใใงใใ, ～ใฐใใใงใใ often sounds slightly more direct and neutral, while still being polite and natural in everyday conversation.
๐ฌ Complete the Dialogue
Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.
Question 1:
A：่ก่ใ้ค
ใใใใใ่ฒทใฃใใญ。
B：ใใ。ๅๆฅ้ฑ、ใฟใใชใงๅบใใใใใ 。
A：ใฉใใธ่กใใฎ？
B：็ฅ็คพใฎ่ฟใใซ่ฑ่ฆใซ่กใใ。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
A：ใใฃใจใฟใใชๅใถใ。
ใใฎ้ฃใน็ฉใฏ่ฑ่ฆใฎใใใซ่ฒทใฃใใใ 。
Explanation: The speaker explains the reason for buying so much food by connecting it to the upcoming cherry-blossom viewing outing. Suggested Answer: 「ใใใฏ่ฑ่ฆใฎใใใซ่ฒทใฃใใใ 。」 works naturally because Nใฎใใใซ expresses that something is done or prepared for a particular purpose or occasion; here, ่ฑ่ฆ is the event the food was bought for. This also fits A’s response that everyone will probably be happy, since bringing food for the outing is presented as something done in preparation for the group event.
Question 2:
A：ใพใ ๅญฆๆ กใซใใใฎ？
B：ใใ。ๆๆฅใฏๆฐๅญฆใฎๆๆฅญใใใใใ 。
A：ใใใง、ไป、ๆฌใ่ชญใใงใใใฎ？
B：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
A：ใกใใใจๆบๅใใฆใใใใ ใญ。
ใใ、ๆๆฅใฎๆๆฅญใฎใใใซไบ็ฟใใฆใใใใ 。
Explanation: B explains the purpose of staying at school and studying by referring to the class coming up the next day. Suggested Answer: 「ใใ、ๆๆฅใฎๆๆฅญใฎใใใซไบ็ฟใใฆใใใใ 。」 works well because Nใฎใใใซ can show that an action is done in preparation for a specific event or goal; here, the upcoming class is the reason for doing advance study. This also connects naturally with A’s final comment, since B’s action clearly shows that they are preparing carefully in advance.
Question 3:
A：ๅๆฅ้ฑ、ใฟใใชใง่ฑ่ฆใใใใใ 。
B：ใพใ ๅฐใๅฏใใใใใใชใใ。
A：ใใใ ใญ。
B：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
A：ๅใใฃใ。ใกใใใจ็จๆใใฆใใใ。
่ฑ่ฆใชใ、ๆใใๆใๅฟ ่ฆใ ใ。
Explanation: B gives advice based on the activity A has mentioned. Suggested Answer: 「่ฑ่ฆใชใ、ๆใใๆใๅฟ ่ฆใ ใ。」 fits well because 〜ใชใ is used to take a topic or situation already introduced and make a relevant comment or recommendation about it. Since B has just warned that it may still be cold, mentioning warm clothes is a natural piece of advice, and it leads smoothly to A saying they will make sure to prepare them in advance.
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