Day N4 - 11 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 11
After reading the original text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-11.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar introduced in the shadowing practice.
Grammar practiced:
✓ Passive form
✓ ～ใฆใ、～
✓ ใจใใ / ใใใใ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ็งใฏๆฏใซๆฐ่็ดใๆจใฆใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ๆจใฆใ is a Group 2 (ichidan) verb, and Group 2 verbs form the passive by removing the final ใ and adding ใใใ: ๆจใฆใ → ๆจใฆใใใ. In the polite past, this becomes ๆจใฆใใใพใใ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ่ชๅ่ปใฏใใฃใจๅฎใใฃใใใใใงใใญ。
Explanation: ๅฎใ is an ใ-adjective, and when an ใ-adjective is used with the conditional pattern ～ใใ, it changes to its past form first: ๅฎใ → ๅฎใใฃใ → ๅฎใใฃใใ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๅฟใใใฆใ、ไปๅคๆฌ็คพใซ้ฃ็ตกใใพใ。
Explanation: ๅฟใใ is an ใ-adjective, and to use an ใ-adjective with the concessive pattern ～ใฆใ (“even if / although”), change the final ใ to ใใฆ and add ใ: ๅฟใใ → ๅฟใใใฆ → ๅฟใใใฆใ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆฅๆๆฅใงใ、ไบๅๆใธ่กใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ๆฅๆๆฅ is a noun, and when a noun is used with the concessive pattern meaning “even if / even on,” the correct form is noun + ใงใ, not noun + ใฆใ.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๆๆฅใฏไผใฟใ ใจใใใงใใญ。
Explanation: ไผใฟ is a noun, and when a noun is used with the pattern ～ใจใใ to express a hope or wish, it needs the copula ใ before ใจ: noun + ใ ใจใใ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ไปๆฅใฏๆฐๅใใใใใใพใใ。ใงใ、ๅคงๅใช่ฉฆ้จใชใฎใง、ๅใใชใใฆใฏใใใพใใ。ๆฐๅใ（ ）、่ฉฆ้จใๅใใพใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: ～ใฆใ is used to express a contrast or concession, meaning “even if” or “even though.” Here, the speaker is not feeling well but will take the exam anyway, so ใใใชใใฆใ correctly shows that the action happens despite the negative condition.
2: ๆ ้ใใ่ชๅ่ปใฎไฟฎ็ใ、ๆฌๆฅๆฌ็คพใง็ตใใใพใใ。ใใฎ่ชๅ่ปใฏๆฌ็คพใง（ ）。
ChoicesD
Explanation: ไฟฎ็ใใใพใใ is the passive form of ไฟฎ็ใใ and is appropriate because the car receives the action of being repaired. The previous sentence states that the repair was completed today, so the second sentence must describe a completed past action.
3: ไฟฎ็ใใฆใใใฃใในใใผใใใฉใณใใพใไฝฟใฃใฆใใพใ。ไปใฏๆ ้ใใฆใใพใใ。ใใใใใ（ ）。
ChoicesD
Explanation: ～ใจใใ is commonly used to express a hope or wish about a future situation, so ๆ ้ใใชใใจใใใงใใญ naturally means that the speaker hopes the smartphone will continue working without breaking down. The word ใใใใใ reinforces this future-oriented meaning.
4: A：่ชๅ่ปใ้ไธญใงๆ ้ใใใใงใใ、ใฉใใใใใใใงใใ。 B：ๆฌ็คพใซ（ ）。
ChoicesA
Explanation: ～ใใใใ is commonly used to give advice or suggest a good course of action, especially in response to questions such as ใฉใใใใใใใงใใ (“What should I do?”). To form this pattern with ้ฃ็ตกใใ, the verb changes to the past form ้ฃ็ตกใใ and then takes ใ, giving ้ฃ็ตกใใใใใ.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ็ณ่พผๆธใๅใใใชใใฃใใ、ๆ ๅฝใฎไบบใซ็ธ่ซใใฆใจใใใงใ。
็ณ่พผๆธใๅใใใชใใฃใใ、ๆ ๅฝใฎไบบใซ็ธ่ซใใใจใใใงใ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใจใใใงใ is used to give advice or say that doing something would be a good idea, and it normally follows the dictionary form of a verb.
2: ่ชๅ่ปใฏๆฌ็คพใงไฟฎ็ใใใชใใงใใ。
่ชๅ่ปใฏๆฌ็คพใงไฟฎ็ใใใพใใใงใใ。
Explanation: For verbs in the polite negative past, use ～ใพใใใงใใ, not ～ใชใใงใใ. The passive verb ไฟฎ็ใใใ therefore changes to ไฟฎ็ใใใพใใใงใใ when saying that something was not repaired.
3: ็งใฏๅผใซในใใผใใใฉใณใๅฃใใใใพใใ。
็งใฏๅผใซในใใผใใใฉใณใๅฃใใใพใใ。
Explanation: For a Group 1 verb such as ๅฃใ, the passive form is made by changing the final -u sound to the corresponding -a sound and adding ใใ. Therefore, ๅฃใ becomes ๅฃใใใ.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๆฐๅใๆชใใจใใฏ、ๅฐใไผใใจใใใงใ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใจใใใงใ is used to give advice or express that doing something would be a good idea, and it attaches to the plain non-past form of a verb: verb (dictionary form) + ใจใใใงใ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ้จใ้ใฃใฆใ、็ฅ็คพใธ่กใใพใ。
Explanation: ้ใ is a Group 1 (godan) verb, and to use a verb with the concessive pattern ～ใฆใ (“even if / even though”), first change the verb to its ใฆ-form and then add ใ. For ้ใ, the ใฆ-form is ้ใฃใฆ, so the correct pattern is ้ใฃใฆใ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ็งใฏๆณฅๆฃใซ่ฒกๅธใ็ใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: ็ใ is a Group 1 (godan) verb, and Group 1 verbs form the passive by changing the final u-sound to the corresponding a-sound and adding ใใ: ็ใ → ็ใพใใ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๆชๆใใใใจใใฏ、็ ้ขใซ่กใฃใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The advice pattern ～ใใใใใงใ／～ใใใใใงใใ is formed by using the past plain form of the verb + ใ. ่กใ is a Group 1 (godan) verb, and its past plain form is ่กใฃใ, so the correct form is ่กใฃใใใใใงใใ.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ่ชๅ่ปใฏๆฅๆฌใงไฝใใใพใใ。
Explanation: In a passive sentence, the place where an action is performed is normally marked with ใง, not ใซ. Here, ไฝใใใพใใ is the passive form of the Group 1 verb ไฝใ, and ๆฅๆฌ indicates the location where the car was made, so the correct pattern is place + ใง + passive verb: ๆฅๆฌใงไฝใใใพใใ. The particle ใซ is generally used to mark the agent in passive sentences, as in ็คพๅกใซ่ชญใพใใพใใ, rather than the place where the action occurs.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๆฐๅใๆชใใฆใ、ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กใใพใ。
ๆฐๅใๆชใใฆใ、ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กใใพใ。
Explanation: With ใ-adjectives, ～ใฆใ is formed by changing the final ใ to ใใฆ and then adding ใ. Therefore, ๆชใ becomes ๆชใใฆใ, not ๆชใใฆใ. This pattern is used to express a concessive meaning such as “even if” or “even though,”.
2: ๅผใ่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใงใใใใใใใงใใญ。
ๅผใ่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใงใใใใใใงใใญ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใใ is formed from the past plain form of a verb plus ใ. Therefore, ใงใใ first changes to ใงใใ, and then ใ is added: ใงใใใ.
3: ็งใฏๆฏใซๆฐ่็ดใๆจใฆใใใพใใ。
็งใฏๆฏใซๆฐ่็ดใๆจใฆใใใพใใ。
Explanation: For a Group 2 verb such as ๆจใฆใ, the passive form is made by removing the final ใ and adding ใใใ. Therefore, ๆจใฆใ becomes ๆจใฆใใใ, and in the polite past it becomes ๆจใฆใใใพใใ.
4: ๆๆฅใฏๅคฉๆฐใใใใจใใใงใใญ。
ๆๆฅใฏๅคฉๆฐใใใใจใใใงใใญ。
Explanation: Before ～ใจใใใงใใญ, an ใ-adjective normally stays in its plain form, so ใใ is used directly: ใใใจใใใงใใญ. The form ใใ is the adverbial form of ใใ and is used when modifying a verb or in certain other constructions, but it cannot be used here before ใจใใ.
5: ็งใฏๆณฅๆฃใ่ฒกๅธใ็ใพใใพใใ。
็งใฏๆณฅๆฃใซ่ฒกๅธใ็ใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: In a passive sentence, the person who performs the action is usually marked with ใซ, while the thing directly affected by the action can still be marked with ใ in an adversative passive construction.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๆณฅๆฃใ็งใฎ่ฒกๅธใ็ใฟใพใใ。
็งใฏๆณฅๆฃใซ่ฒกๅธใ็ใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: The passive form shifts the focus from the person who performed the action to the person affected by it. Here, ใซ marks the person responsible for the action, while ็ใพใใพใใ shows that the speaker experienced the theft as something unwanted or harmful. This is a common use of the Japanese passive, especially when describing inconvenience, loss, or a negative experience.
2: ็ณ่พผๆธใๅใใใชใใจใ、่ชฐใซ่ใใฐใใใงใใ。
็ณ่พผๆธใๅใใใชใใจใ、่ชฐใซ่ใใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ～ใใใใใงใใ is commonly used to ask for advice about what action would be best in a particular situation. Compared with ～ใฐใใใงใใ, it sounds slightly more conversational and natural in everyday speech, while keeping the same basic meaning of asking “what should I do?”. Here, the past-form verb before ใ does not indicate past time; it is part of the conditional pattern ～ใใใใใงใใ.
3: ๆๆฅ、ๅคฉๆฐใใใใชใใฐๅฌใใใงใ。
ๆๆฅ、ๅคฉๆฐใใใใชใใจใใใงใ。
Explanation: ～ใจใใใงใ is used to express a hope or wish that a certain situation will happen. Compared with ～ใฐๅฌใใใงใ, it sounds more like a general hope about the outcome, rather than directly emphasizing the speaker’s feeling of happiness. Before ใจใใใงใ, the verb is normally used in its plain non-past form, so ใใใชใ is the natural choice here.
4: ในใใผใใใฉใณใๆ ้ใใใจใ、ใฉใใซ็ธ่ซใใใฐใใใงใใ。
ในใใผใใใฉใณใๆ ้ใใใจใ、ใฉใใซ็ธ่ซใใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: This sentence is valid and natural. ～ใใใใใงใใ is commonly used to ask for advice about what action would be appropriate in a certain situation. Compared with ～ใฐใใใงใใ, it has essentially the same meaning but often sounds a little more conversational in everyday Japanese. The form ็ธ่ซใใใ does not refer to a past action here; it is the conditional form used in the pattern ～ใใใใใงใใ.
5: ๆ ้ใใ็้ฃฏๅจใๆฌ็คพใงไฟฎ็ใใพใใ。
ๆ ้ใใ็้ฃฏๅจใฏๆฌ็คพใงไฟฎ็ใใใพใใ。
Explanation: This sentence is valid and natural. The passive form shifts the focus from the company or staff doing the repair to the rice cooker that received the action. ๆฌ็คพใง indicates the place where the repair took place, while ไฟฎ็ใใใพใใ presents the repair as something done to the appliance. Compared with the active sentence, the passive version sounds more objective and is especially common when describing procedures, services, or completed work.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ไบค้ใไธไพฟใงใ、ใใใซไฝใฟใใใงใ。
Explanation: ไธไพฟ is a ใช-adjective, and when a ใช-adjective is used with the concessive pattern ～ใฆใ (“even if / although”), the correct form is ใช-adjective + ใงใ.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆฅใซๅ้ใซๅฎถใซๆฅใใใฆ、ใณใฃใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ๆฅใ is an irregular verb, and its passive form is ๆฅใใใ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๅฐๅณใใชใใฆใ、้ง ใพใง่กใใพใ。
Explanation: ใชใ behaves like an ใ-adjective, and to use it with the concessive pattern ～ใฆใ (“even if / even without”), change ใชใ to ใชใใฆ and add ใ: ใชใ → ใชใใฆ → ใชใใฆใ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ไฟฎ็ใๅฟ ่ฆใชใ、ๅบใฎไบบใซ็ธ่ซใใใใใใงใ。
Explanation: The advice pattern ～ใใใใใงใ is formed with the past plain form of a verb + ใ + ใใใงใ. ็ธ่ซใใ is an irregular ใใ-verb, and its past plain form is ็ธ่ซใใ, so the correct form is ็ธ่ซใใใใใใงใ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ไปๆฅใฏ้จใงใใ、ๆๆฅใฏ็ฅ็คพใ่ฆๅญฆใใไบๅฎใงใ。ๆๆฅใฏๅคฉๆฐใ（ ）。
ChoicesC
Explanation: ～ใจใใใงใใญ is used to express a hope or wish about a future situation, especially when the result is outside the speaker’s control, such as the weather.
2: ๆ ๅฝใฎ็คพๅกใซใกใผใซใ้ใใพใใใ、ใพใ ้ฃ็ตกใๆฅใพใใ。ใกใผใซใ（ ）、ๆ ๅฝใฎ็คพๅกใใ้ฃ็ตกใๆฅใพใใ。
ChoicesA
Explanation: ～ใฆใ expresses “even though/even if,” so it fits the contrast between sending the email and still receiving no reply.
3: ใใฎ่ชๅ่ปใฏๅฐใ้ซใใงใ。ใงใ、ๅฟ ่ฆใชใฎใง่ฒทใใคใใใงใ。ๅฐใ（ ）、ใใฎ่ชๅ่ปใ่ฒทใใพใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: ～ใฆใ expresses “even if/even though,” so ้ซใใฆใ fits the idea that the speaker will buy the car despite its high price.
4: ๅฆนใฏๆๆฅ、่ฉฆ้จใๅใใพใ。ๆจๆฅใใใฃใใๅพฉ็ฟใใฆใใพใใ。่ฉฆ้จใซ（ ）。
ChoicesB
Explanation: ～ใใใใใงใใญ expresses a hope or wish, so it fits the speaker’s hope that the sister will pass the exam.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ในใใผใใใฉใณใๆ ้ใใใฆใ、ไบๅๆใฎ้ป่ฉฑใไฝฟใใพใ。
ในใใผใใใฉใณใๆ ้ใใฆใ、ไบๅๆใฎ้ป่ฉฑใไฝฟใใพใ。
Explanation: For verbs, the concessive pattern ～ใฆใ is formed from the ใฆ-form plus ใ, not from the past form. Since ๆ ้ใใ is a ใใ verb, its ใฆ-form is ๆ ้ใใฆ, so the correct form is ๆ ้ใใฆใ.
2: ใใใใๆฌ็คพใซ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใใใใงใใ。
ใใใใๆฌ็คพใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใใใใ is formed by taking the verb’s plain past form and adding ใใใ. Since ้ฃ็ตกใใ becomes ้ฃ็ตกใใ in the plain past, the correct form is ้ฃ็ตกใใใใใ.
3: ในใใผใใใฉใณใๆ ้ใใใ、ใฉใใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใใใใใงใใ。
ในใใผใใใฉใณใๆ ้ใใใ、ใฉใใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The pattern ～ใใใใใงใใ is formed by using the verb’s plain past form plus ใใใใงใใ.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๆๆฅใฏ้จใ้ใใใใใใพใใใ、็ฅญใใซ่กใใพใ。
ๆๆฅใฏ้จใ้ใฃใฆใ、็ฅญใใซ่กใใพใ。
Explanation: This sentence is valid and natural. ～ใฆใ expresses that the result or decision will remain the same even if a certain condition happens. Compared with ～ใใใใใพใใใ, which simply presents rain as a possibility before contrasting it with the speaker’s plan, ～ใฆใ more clearly emphasizes that the possibility of rain will not change the decision to go to the festival.
2: ใใฎในใใผใใใฉใณใฏ้ซใใงใใ、ๅฟ ่ฆใชใฎใง่ฒทใใคใใใงใ。
ใใฎในใใผใใใฉใณใฏ้ซใใฆใ、ๅฟ ่ฆใชใฎใง่ฒทใใคใใใงใ。
Explanation: This sentence is valid and natural. ～ใฆใ shows that the speaker’s decision will not change despite a certain condition. Compared with ～ใงใใ, which simply contrasts the high price with the intention to buy it, ้ซใใฆใ emphasizes that even if the smartphone is expensive, that fact does not prevent the speaker from buying it because it is necessary.
3: ๆๆฅใฏไผใฟใใใใใพใใใ、ๆฌ็คพใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใคใใใงใ。
ๆๆฅใฏไผใฟใงใ、ๆฌ็คพใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใคใใใงใ。
Explanation: This sentence is valid and natural. With nouns and ใช-adjectives, ～ใฆใ takes the form ～ใงใ. Compared with ～ใใใใใพใใใ, which presents the day off as a possibility and then adds a contrasting action, ～ใงใ emphasizes that even if it is a day off, that condition will not change the speaker’s intention to contact the head office.
๐ฌ Complete the Dialogue
Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.
Question 1:
A：ๆๆฅใฏ็ฅ็คพใ่ฆๅญฆใใไบๅฎใงใใใญ。
B：ใฏใ。ใงใ、ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใงใฏ、ๆๆฅใฏ้จใ ใใใงใ。
A：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
B：ใใใงใใญ。
ใใใงใใ。้จใ้ใใชใใจใใใงใใญ。
Explanation: In this situation, B is worried because the weather forecast says it may rain during the shrine visit, so A naturally responds by expressing a hope for better weather. The Suggested Answer: ้จใ้ใใชใใจใใใงใใญ uses ～ใจใใ to express a wish or hope about something that is not fully under the speaker’s control. The negative form ้ใใชใ shows that the desired outcome is for the rain not to occur, while ใงใใญ makes the comment sound friendly and invites B to share the same feeling, which connects naturally with B’s ใใใงใใญ.
Question 2:
A：ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ็บ้ณใใพใ ไธๆใซใชใใชใใใงใ。
B：ๆๆฅญใฎใใจใ็ทด็ฟใใฆใใพใใ。
A：ใใใ、ๆ่ฟใฏใใพใใใฆใใพใใ。
B：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
ใใใชใ、ๆฏๆฅๅฐใ็ทด็ฟใใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: A explains that their pronunciation is not improving and then admits that they have not been practicing much recently, so B responds with practical advice based on that situation. The Suggested Answer: ๆฏๆฅๅฐใ็ทด็ฟใใใใใใงใใ uses ～ใใใใ to recommend an action that could help solve a problem or improve the situation. Here, practicing a little every day is presented as a helpful course of action, and ใงใใ gives the advice a friendly and encouraging tone.
Question 3:
A：ๆๆฅใฏ่ฉฆ้จใงใใญ。
B：ใฏใ。ๅคงๅญฆ้ข็ใซใชใใใใฎใง、ๆจๆฅใ้
ใใพใงๅพฉ็ฟใใพใใ。
A：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
B：ใใใใจใใใใใพใ。
ใใฃใใๆบๅใใพใใใใ、่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใงใใใจใใใงใใญ。
Explanation: B has been studying hard because they want to become a graduate student, so A responds by expressing hope for a positive result on the exam. The Suggested Answer: ่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใงใใใจใใใงใใญ uses ～ใจใใ to express a wish about an outcome that cannot be guaranteed or directly controlled. The potential form ๅๆ ผใงใใ focuses on being able to pass, and ใงใใญ makes the wish sound supportive and considerate, which naturally leads to B thanking A.
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