Day N4 - 2 - Grammar Practice

Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 2

After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-2.

These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns, and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.

Grammar practiced:
✓ 〜ใจใ‹〜ใจใ‹
✓ 〜ใฎใง
✓ Nใชใ‚‰、~
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใ‚Œใพใ™
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™

1. Understand

Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.

๐Ÿ” Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ๅฐ‘ใ€…ใŠๅพ…ใกใพใ™ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
B: ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
C: ็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
D: ใ“ใฎ็ฎฑใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ๅฐ‘ใ€…ใŠๅพ…ใกใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Explanation: 「ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」 can follow either the ใฆ-form or the honorific pattern 「ใŠ + verb stem + ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」. 「ใŠๅพ…ใกใพใ™ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」 is incorrect because 「ใพใ™」 cannot appear before 「ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」. The correct expression is 「ๅฐ‘ใ€…ใŠๅพ…ใกใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。」

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ใ“ใฎๅฎถๅ…ท、็ฒ—ๅคงใ”ใฟใ ใชใ‚‰、ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅค‰ใงใ™。
B: ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใใชใ‚‰、็งใ‚‚่กŒใใพใ™。
C: ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใชใ‚‰、็งใŒ็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™。
D: ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒใ„ใ„ใชใ‚‰、ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใซ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ใ“ใฎๅฎถๅ…ท、็ฒ—ๅคงใ”ใฟใชใ‚‰、ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅค‰ใงใ™。
Explanation: 「ใชใ‚‰」 attaches directly to nouns and ใช-adjectives without 「ใ 」. Therefore, 「็ฒ—ๅคงใ”ใฟใชใ‚‰」 is correct, while 「็ฒ—ๅคงใ”ใฟใ ใชใ‚‰」 is incorrect.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ใ‚‚ใ†้…ใ„ใฎใง、ๅคฑ็คผใ—ใพใ™。
B: ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏๅฏ’ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง、ใ“ใŸใคใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸ。
C: ๅฏ’ใ„ใ ใฎใง、ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็€ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„。
D: ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใฎใง、ๅฐ‘ใ—ไผ‘ใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ๅฏ’ใ„ใฎใง、ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็€ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„。
Explanation: ใ„-adjectives do not take 「ใ 」 before 「ใฎใง」. Use 「ๅฏ’ใ„ใฎใง」, not 「ๅฏ’ใ„ใ ใฎใง」. Only nouns and ใช-adjectives take 「ใชใฎใง」.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซ้‡Ž่œใจใ‹ๆžœ็‰ฉใจใ‹ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™。
B: ไผ‘ใฟใฎๆ—ฅใฏๆตทใธ่กŒใใจใ‹ๅฑฑใซ็™ปใ‚‹ใจใ‹ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™。
C: ๅฝผใฎ่ถฃๅ‘ณใฏๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚‹ใจใ‹็ตตใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใงใ™。
D: ๆฏŽๆœ、ใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’้ฃŸในใจใ‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใจใ‹ใ—ใพใ™。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ๆฏŽๆœ、ใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใจใ‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ใจใ‹ใ—ใพใ™。
Explanation: When 「ใจใ‹」 lists actions, it follows the verb in its dictionary form (or sometimes past form), not the verb stem. Therefore, 「้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใจใ‹」「้ฃฒใ‚€ใจใ‹」 are correct, while 「้ฃŸในใจใ‹」「้ฃฒใฟใจใ‹」 are incorrect.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“、ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ„(    )、ๆ—ฉ้€€ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹。

Choices
A: ใชใ‚‰
B: ใ‘ใฉ
C: ใฎใซ
D: ใฎใง
Answer
D
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 politely gives the reason for a request or permission. 「ใชใ‚‰」 expresses a condition, 「ใ‘ใฉ」 expresses contrast, and 「ใฎใซ」 means "although," so only 「ใฎใง」 naturally introduces the reason for asking to leave early.

2: ็งใฏๅ‹้”ใŒๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ、ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆ(    )。

Choices
A: ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
B: ใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ
C: ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
D: ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
Answer
B
Explanation: When the speaker does someone a favour, 「~ใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ™」 is used. 「~ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™」 means someone does a favour for the speaker (or the speaker's in-group), 「~ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™」 means the speaker receives a favour, and 「~ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™」 expresses the resulting state of an intentional action.

3: ๆœบใฎไธŠใซๅœฐๅ›ณใŒๅบƒใ’ใฆ(     )。

Choices
A: ใ„ใพใ™
B: ใใพใ™
C: ใฟใพใ™
D: ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
Answer
D
Explanation: 「ๅบƒใ’ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™」 expresses the resulting state of an intentional action: someone spread the map out, and it remains open on the table. 「ใ„ใพใ™」「ใใพใ™」「ใฟใพใ™」 cannot be used to express this resultant state.

4: ้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸ(    )、ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซๆณจๆ„ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。

Choices
A: ใจใ‹
B: ใฎใง
C: ใ‘ใฉ
D: ใฎใซ
Answer
B
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 expresses the reason or cause of the following result. Here, being late is the reason the speaker was scolded. 「ใฎใซ」 expresses an unexpected contrast, 「ใ‘ใฉ」 expresses contrast, and 「ใจใ‹」 cannot express a cause-and-effect relationship in this sentence.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: ๅ‹้”ใŒ็งใฎๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ。

Answer
ๅ‹้”ใŒ็งใฎๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。
Explanation: When someone does a favor for the speaker, ~ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ is used to show the direction of the benefit toward the speaker. ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ would mean the friend helped someone else. The correction expresses gratitude from the speaker’s perspective.

2: ไผ‘ใฟใฎๆ—ฅใฏ、่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ—ใพใ™ใจใ‹、ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™。

Answer
ไผ‘ใฟใฎๆ—ฅใฏ、่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‹、ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ‹ใ—ใพใ™。
Explanation: 「~ใจใ‹~ใจใ‹」 connects the plain (dictionary) form of verbs. Using the ใพใ™ form before ใจใ‹ is ungrammatical. The corrected sentence lists activities with the plain form and repeats ใจใ‹ properly.

3: ใ“ใฎๆ›ธ้กžใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。

Answer
ใ“ใฎๆ›ธ้กžใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Explanation: ใ™ใ‚‹ must be changed to its ใฆ-form ใ—ใฆ before attaching ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹. The correct form is ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹.

2. Practice

Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.

๐Ÿ” Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ็งใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใŸ。
B: ๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซๆ–™็†ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ。
C: ็งใฏๅ‹้”ใ‚’ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ。
D: ๅฆนใซ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ็งใฏๅ‹้”ใซๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ。
Explanation: The person you receive a favor from is marked with 「ใซ」, not 「ใ‚’」. 「ๅ‹้”ใ‚’」 must be 「ๅ‹้”ใซ」.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ๆ—ฅๆœฌๆ—…่กŒใชใ‚‰、็ง‹ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ。
B: ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ้›จใ ใชใ‚‰、่ฉฆๅˆใฏไธญๆญขใงใ™。
C: ๅฎ‰ใ„ใชใ‚‰、่ฒทใ„ใพใ™。
D: ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚‰、ใ™ใ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ้›จใชใ‚‰、่ฉฆๅˆใฏไธญๆญขใงใ™。
Explanation: 「ใชใ‚‰」 attaches directly to nouns and adjectives without 「ใ 」. Nouns use 「ๅ่ฉž+ใชใ‚‰」 (้›จใชใ‚‰), ใช-adjectives use 「ใช-adjective stem+ใชใ‚‰」 (็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚‰), and ใ„-adjectives use their plain form+ใชใ‚‰ (ๅฎ‰ใ„ใชใ‚‰). Do not insert 「ใ 」 before 「ใชใ‚‰」.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆš‘ใ„ใ ใฎใง、ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†。
B: ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใŸใฎใง、ๅญฆๆ กใ‚’ไผ‘ใฟใพใ—ใŸ。
C: ้ง…ใพใง่ฟ‘ใ„ใฎใง、ๆญฉใ„ใฆ่กŒใ‘ใพใ™。
D: ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๆ—ฉใ„ใฎใง、ไปŠๅคœใฏๆ—ฉใๅฏใพใ™。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆš‘ใ„ใฎใง、ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 is used to express a reason or cause. It follows the plain form: verbs (่กŒใใฎใง), ใ„-adjectives (ๆš‘ใ„ใฎใง), and ใช-adjectives/nouns with 「ใช」 (้™ใ‹ใชใฎใง・้›จใชใฎใง). An ใ„-adjective cannot be followed by 「ใ 」, so 「ๆš‘ใ„ใ ใฎใง」 is grammatically incorrect.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ็งใฏๅผŸใซ็Žฉๅ…ทใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ。
B: ๆฏใŒ็งใซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’็„ผใใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。
C: ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。
D: ็งใฏๅ‹้”ใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ๆฏใŒ็งใซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’็„ผใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。
Explanation: 「็„ผใ」 is a godan verb ending in 「ใ」. For godan verbs ending in 「ใ」, the ใฆ-form changes 「ใ」 to 「ใ„ใฆ」, so 「็„ผใ」 becomes 「็„ผใ„ใฆ」, not 「็„ผใใฆ」.

5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใชใฎใง、ใฟใ‚“ใชใซๅฅฝใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™。
B: ใ“ใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฏ้™ใ‹ใฎใง、ใ‚ˆใๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใพใ™。
C: ใพใ ๅญไพ›ใชใฎใง、ไธ€ไบบใง่กŒใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“。
D: ้“ใŒ่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง、้…ใ‚Œใใ†ใงใ™。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ใ“ใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฏ้™ใ‹ใชใฎใง、ใ‚ˆใๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใพใ™。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 follows the plain form. ใช-adjectives and nouns require 「ใช」 before 「ใฎใง」, so 「้™ใ‹」 becomes 「้™ใ‹ใชใฎใง」 and 「ๅญไพ›」 becomes 「ๅญไพ›ใชใฎใง」.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: ็งใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซ่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。

Answer
็งใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซ่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใงใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹」 describes someone doing something for the speaker (or the speaker’s group). Since the subject is 「็ง」, 「้‹ใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ」 is incorrect here. When the speaker does something for another person, 「~ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹」 can be used. Therefore, 「็งใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซ่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใงใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ」 is grammatically correct.

2: ใ†ใกใฎๅญใฏใ™ใๆณฃใใพใ™ใจใ‹、ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใพใ™ใจใ‹、ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™。

Answer
ใ†ใกใฎๅญใฏใ™ใๆณฃใใจใ‹、ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ‹、ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™。
Explanation: When 「ใจใ‹」 lists actions, verbs are normally used in the plain form. The correction changes ๆณฃใใพใ™ to ๆณฃใ and ๆŠ•ใ’ใพใ™ to ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹, making the structure grammatical.

3: ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใ ใจใ‹、ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ ใจใ‹、ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“。

Answer
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใจใ‹、ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ‹、ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“。
Explanation: ใ„-adjectives attach directly to ใจใ‹ without ใ . Inserting ใ  after ้ซ˜ใ„ and ๆ‚ชใ„ is a common mistake. The corrected sentence removes the unnecessary ใ .

4: ็ช“ใŒ้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰、ๅฏ’ใ„ใงใ™。

Answer
็ช“ใŒ้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰、ๅฏ’ใ„ใงใ™。
Explanation: 「้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹」 is a transitive verb, so it requires a person as the subject and the object marked with 「ใ‚’」. 「็ช“ใŒ้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™」 is incorrect because the window cannot perform the action of ้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹. The intransitive verb 「้–‹ใ」 is used when describing the state of the window itself: 「็ช“ใŒ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™」 means "the window is open." 「็ช“ใŒ้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™」 adds the idea that someone intentionally opened it and left it that way.

5: ้ ญใŒ็—›ใ„ใ ใฎใง、ๆ—ฉใๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™。

Answer
้ ญใŒ็—›ใ„ใฎใง、ๆ—ฉใๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™。
Explanation: Again, an ใ„-adjective does not take ใ  before ใฎใง. ็—›ใ„ใ ใฎใง is ungrammatical. The correct construction is ็—›ใ„ใฎใง.

✏️ Rewrite

Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.

1: ่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใซใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใจ้ง่ปŠๅ ดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ใจใ‹~ใจใ‹
Answer
่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใซใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใจใ‹้ง่ปŠๅ ดใจใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™。
Explanation: 「ใจ」 simply lists items, while 「~ใจใ‹~ใจใ‹」 gives examples or an incomplete list. The structure changes from 「AใจBใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™」 to 「Aใจใ‹Bใจใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™」.

2: ็งใฏ็ผถใจๅคใ„็šฟใ‚’ๆจใฆใพใ™。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ใจใ‹~ใจใ‹
Answer
็งใฏ็ผถใจใ‹ๅคใ„็šฟใจใ‹ใ‚’ๆจใฆใพใ™。
Explanation: 「~ใจใ‹~ใจใ‹」 changes the list from a simple enumeration to examples. The sentence now means that cans, old plates, and possibly other similar items will be thrown away.

3: ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ、ๆš‡ใชใจใ、ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„。

Rewrite the sentence using: N ใชใ‚‰、…
Answer
ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ、ๆš‡ใชใ‚‰、ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„。
Explanation: 「ใชใ‚‰」 expresses a condition: “if it is the case that...”. For ใช-adjectives, 「ใชใ‚‰」 attaches directly to the adjective stem, so 「ๆš‡」 becomes 「ๆš‡ใชใ‚‰」. The original 「ๆš‡ใชใจใ」 describes a time (“when you are free”), while 「ๆš‡ใชใ‚‰」 expresses a condition (“if you are free”).

4: ็ฎฑใŒ้‡ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰、ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ใฎใง
Answer
็ฎฑใŒ้‡ใ„ใฎใง、ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 expresses a reason or cause and follows the plain form. For ใ„-adjectives, it attaches directly, so 「้‡ใ„」 becomes 「้‡ใ„ใฎใง」. Compared with 「ใ‹ใ‚‰」, 「ใฎใง」 often sounds more neutral and is commonly used when giving a reason for a request.

5: ่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใง็ฅญใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰、ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใงใ™。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ใฎใง
Answer
่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใง็ฅญใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง、ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใงใ™。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 expresses a reason or cause and follows the plain form of verbs. Therefore, 「ใ‚ใ‚‹」 becomes 「ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง」. Compared with 「ใ‹ใ‚‰」, 「ใฎใง」 gives a softer and more neutral explanation of the reason.

3. Review

Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.

๐Ÿ” Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
B: ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
C: ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ、ใ“ใฎ่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
D: ใ“ใฎๆ›ธ้กžใซๅˆคใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Explanation: 「ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」 must follow the ใฆ-form of the verb. 「ๆ‰‹ไผใ†」 should be 「ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆ」.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฏ้™ใ‹ใ ใชใ‚‰、ๅ‹‰ๅผทใซ้›†ไธญใงใใพใ™。
B: ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ、ๆš‡ใชใ‚‰、ไธ€็ท’ใซๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
C: ้“ใŒ่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰、้›ป่ปŠใง่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†。
D: ้ซ˜ใ„ใชใ‚‰、่ฒทใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฏ้™ใ‹ใชใ‚‰、ๅ‹‰ๅผทใซ้›†ไธญใงใใพใ™。
Explanation: ใช-adjectives drop 「ใ 」 before 「ใชใ‚‰」. 「้™ใ‹ใ ใชใ‚‰」 should be 「้™ใ‹ใชใ‚‰」.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ、ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๆฅใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
B: ใ“ใฎ่ท็‰ฉ、ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้‡ใ„ใฎใง、ไธ€็ท’ใซ้‹ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
C: ้ง…ใพใง้“ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
D: ๅฐ‘ใ—้™ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ๅฐ‘ใ—้™ใ‹ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Explanation: 「ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」 requires the ใฆ-form. 「ใ™ใ‚‹」 should be 「ใ—ใฆ」, making it 「้™ใ‹ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™。
B: ้ป’ๆฟใซ็ญ”ใˆใŒๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™。
C: ๆœบใฎไธŠใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใŒ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™。
D: ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎ้š…ใซ็ฎฑใŒ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒ้–‰ใ‚ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™」 describes a state resulting from someone's intentional action, so it is normally used with transitive verbs. 「้–‰ใพใ‚‹」 is an intransitive verb meaning "to close/become closed", so it does not fit this pattern. Use the transitive verb 「้–‰ใ‚ใ‚‹」: 「ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒ้–‰ใ‚ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™」.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: ใŠๅฎขๆง˜、ๅฐ‘ใ€…ใŠๅพ…ใก(     )ใ‹。

Choices
A: ใ‚ใ’ใพใ›ใ‚“
B: ใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ›ใ‚“
C: ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
D: ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
Answer
D
Explanation: 「~ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」 uses the potential form 「ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹」 ("can receive the favor") to make a polite request. 「~ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」 is not the same structure and does not express a request.

2: ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“、ใ“ใฎๅฎถๅ…ทใ‚’ไบŒ้šŽใซ้‹ใ‚“ใง(     )ใ‹。

Choices
A: ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™
B: ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
C: ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™
D: ใใ ใ•ใ„
Answer
B
Explanation: 「~ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹」 is a polite request meaning “could you please do...?”. 「~ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„」 is also a request form, but it cannot be followed by 「ใ‹」 in this structure. 「~ใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ™」 expresses doing something for someone else, and 「~ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™」 expresses receiving a favor, not directly requesting one.

3: ใ“ใฎๆœฌ、ใ‚‚ใ†่ชญใ‚“ใ (    )、่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„。

Choices
A: ใฎใซ
B: ใ‘ใฉ
C: ใฎใง
D: ใชใ‚‰
Answer
D
Explanation: 「่ชญใ‚“ใ ใชใ‚‰」 uses the past plain form + 「ใชใ‚‰」 to mean “if you have already read it”. 「ใฎใง」 gives a reason, 「ใฎใซ」 gives an unexpected contrast, and 「ใ‘ใฉ」 gives contrast or introduces a soft transition, but neither expresses the condition needed here.

4: ๅ‹้”ใŒ็งใฎ่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใง(    )。

Choices
A: ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
B: ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹
C: ใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ
D: ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
Answer
A
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹」 is used when someone does something for the speaker or the speaker’s group. Since the friend carries the speaker’s luggage, 「้‹ใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ」 is correct. 「~ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹」 shows the benefit goes from the subject to someone else, and 「~ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†」 changes the perspective to the person receiving the favor: 「็งใฏๅ‹้”ใซ้‹ใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ」.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฎๆ—ฅ、ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。

Answer
ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฎๆ—ฅ、ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹。
Explanation: As in the previous examples, the verb before ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ must be in the ใฆ-form. ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ is a typical conjugation mistake. The correction is ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹.

2: ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฏ้™ใ‹ใ ใฎใง、ใ‚ˆใ็œ ใ‚Œใพใ™。

Answer
ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฏ้™ใ‹ใชใฎใง、ใ‚ˆใ็œ ใ‚Œใพใ™。
Explanation: ใช-adjectives also need ใช before ใฎใง, just like nouns. Replacing ใ ใฎใง with ใชใฎใง fixes the mistake. The corrected sentence uses ้™ใ‹ใชใฎใง.

3: ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง、ๅ‹้”ใซๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸ。

Answer
ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง、ๅ‹้”ใซๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹」 means the speaker does something for another person, while 「~ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†」 means the speaker receives help from someone. Since the speaker has difficult homework and needs help, the correct expression is 「ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ」.

✏️ Rewrite

Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.

1: ้ง…ๅ‰ใฎๅบ—ใฎไบบใŒ็งใซ้“ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใŸ。

Rewrite the sentence using: V [ใฆ-form] ใใ‚Œใพใ™
Answer
้ง…ๅ‰ใฎๅบ—ใฎไบบใŒ้“ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹」 shows that someone does something for the speaker’s benefit. The original 「็งใซๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใŸ」 simply states that the person told me the way, while 「ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ」 adds the nuance that the speaker appreciates receiving this help. The 「็งใซ」 can be omitted because the beneficiary is understood.

2: ็ฎฑใฎไธญใซ็šฟใจ็Žฉๅ…ทใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ใจใ‹~ใจใ‹
Answer
็ฎฑใฎไธญใซ็šฟใจใ‹็Žฉๅ…ทใจใ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ。
Explanation: 「~ใจใ‹~ใจใ‹」 lists two or more representative items and implies there are others. The original noun listing with 「ใจ」 is naturally replaced, and the particle 「ใ‚’」 after the second 「ใจใ‹」 marks the object.

3: ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใ ใ‹ใ‚‰、ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ใฎใง
Answer
ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใชใฎใง、ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 expresses a reason or cause. Nouns and ใช-adjectives require 「ใช」 before 「ใฎใง」, so 「้›จ」 becomes 「้›จใชใฎใง」. The meaning is similar to 「้›จใ ใ‹ใ‚‰」, but 「ใฎใง」 often sounds more neutral and explanatory.
⚠️
AI-generated content
The dialogue, images, audio, and exercises on this page were generated with the help of artificial intelligence for Japanese study practice. All content has been reviewed, adapted, and organized.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Day 1 - University and Daily Conversation

About the App

Compare