Day N4 - 2 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N4 - Day 2
After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N4-2.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.
Grammar practiced:
✓ 〜ใจใ〜ใจใ
✓ 〜ใฎใง
✓ Nใชใ、~
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใพใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใพใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใใพใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใ ใใพใใใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใพใ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๅฐใ ใๅพ ใกใใใ ใใพใใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใ ใใพใใใ」 can follow either the ใฆ-form or the honorific pattern 「ใ + verb stem + ใใใ ใใพใใใ」. 「ใๅพ ใกใพใใใใ ใใพใใใ」 is incorrect because 「ใพใ」 cannot appear before 「ใใใ ใใพใใใ」. The correct expression is 「ๅฐใ ใๅพ ใกใใใ ใใพใใใ。」
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๅฎถๅ ท、็ฒๅคงใใฟใชใ、ๆจใฆใใฎใๅคงๅคใงใ。
Explanation: 「ใชใ」 attaches directly to nouns and ใช-adjectives without 「ใ 」. Therefore, 「็ฒๅคงใใฟใชใ」 is correct, while 「็ฒๅคงใใฟใ ใชใ」 is incorrect.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๅฏใใฎใง、ใณใผใใ็ใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: ใ-adjectives do not take 「ใ 」 before 「ใฎใง」. Use 「ๅฏใใฎใง」, not 「ๅฏใใ ใฎใง」. Only nouns and ใช-adjectives take 「ใชใฎใง」.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๆฏๆ、ใใณใ้ฃในใใจใใณใผใใผใ้ฃฒใใจใใใพใ。
Explanation: When 「ใจใ」 lists actions, it follows the verb in its dictionary form (or sometimes past form), not the verb stem. Therefore, 「้ฃในใใจใ」「้ฃฒใใจใ」 are correct, while 「้ฃในใจใ」「้ฃฒใฟใจใ」 are incorrect.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ใใฟใพใใ、ๆฐๅใๆชใ( )、ๆฉ้ใใฆใใใใงใใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 politely gives the reason for a request or permission. 「ใชใ」 expresses a condition, 「ใใฉ」 expresses contrast, and 「ใฎใซ」 means "although," so only 「ใฎใง」 naturally introduces the reason for asking to leave early.
2: ็งใฏๅ้ใๅผใฃ่ถใใใใใจใ、ๆไผใฃใฆ( )。
ChoicesB
Explanation: When the speaker does someone a favour, 「~ใฆใใใพใ」 is used. 「~ใฆใใใพใ」 means someone does a favour for the speaker (or the speaker's in-group), 「~ใฆใใใใพใ」 means the speaker receives a favour, and 「~ใฆใใใพใ」 expresses the resulting state of an intentional action.
3: ๆบใฎไธใซๅฐๅณใๅบใใฆ( )。
ChoicesD
Explanation: 「ๅบใใฆใใใพใ」 expresses the resulting state of an intentional action: someone spread the map out, and it remains open on the table. 「ใใพใ」「ใใพใ」「ใฟใพใ」 cannot be used to express this resultant state.
4: ้ ๅปใใ( )、ๅ ็ใซๆณจๆใใใพใใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 expresses the reason or cause of the following result. Here, being late is the reason the speaker was scolded. 「ใฎใซ」 expresses an unexpected contrast, 「ใใฉ」 expresses contrast, and 「ใจใ」 cannot express a cause-and-effect relationship in this sentence.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๅ้ใ็งใฎๅผใฃ่ถใใๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใ。
ๅ้ใ็งใฎๅผใฃ่ถใใๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใ。
Explanation: When someone does a favor for the speaker, ~ใฆใใใ is used to show the direction of the benefit toward the speaker. ๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใ would mean the friend helped someone else. The correction expresses gratitude from the speaker’s perspective.
2: ไผใฟใฎๆฅใฏ、่ฒทใ็ฉใใพใใจใ、ๆ ็ปใ่ฆใพใ。
ไผใฟใฎๆฅใฏ、่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใจใ、ๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใจใใใพใ。
Explanation: 「~ใจใ~ใจใ」 connects the plain (dictionary) form of verbs. Using the ใพใ form before ใจใ is ungrammatical. The corrected sentence lists activities with the plain form and repeats ใจใ properly.
3: ใใฎๆธ้กใใณใใผใใใใใ ใใพใใใ。
ใใฎๆธ้กใใณใใผใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ。
Explanation: ใใ must be changed to its ใฆ-form ใใฆ before attaching ใใใ ใใพใใใ. The correct form is ใณใใผใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ็งใฏๅ้ใซๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆใใฆใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: The person you receive a favor from is marked with 「ใซ」, not 「ใ」. 「ๅ้ใ」 must be 「ๅ้ใซ」.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๆๆฅ้จใชใ、่ฉฆๅใฏไธญๆญขใงใ。
Explanation: 「ใชใ」 attaches directly to nouns and adjectives without 「ใ 」. Nouns use 「ๅ่ฉ+ใชใ」 (้จใชใ), ใช-adjectives use 「ใช-adjective stem+ใชใ」 (็ฐกๅใชใ), and ใ-adjectives use their plain form+ใชใ (ๅฎใใชใ). Do not insert 「ใ 」 before 「ใชใ」.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ไปๆฅใฏๆใใฎใง、ใขใคในใฏใชใผใ ใ้ฃในใพใใใ。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 is used to express a reason or cause. It follows the plain form: verbs (่กใใฎใง), ใ-adjectives (ๆใใฎใง), and ใช-adjectives/nouns with 「ใช」 (้ใใชใฎใง・้จใชใฎใง). An ใ-adjective cannot be followed by 「ใ 」, so 「ๆใใ ใฎใง」 is grammatically incorrect.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๆฏใ็งใซใฑใผใญใ็ผใใฆใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「็ผใ」 is a godan verb ending in 「ใ」. For godan verbs ending in 「ใ」, the ใฆ-form changes 「ใ」 to 「ใใฆ」, so 「็ผใ」 becomes 「็ผใใฆ」, not 「็ผใใฆ」.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๅ ฌๅใฏ้ใใชใฎใง、ใใๆฃๆญฉใใพใ。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 follows the plain form. ใช-adjectives and nouns require 「ใช」 before 「ใฎใง」, so 「้ใ」 becomes 「้ใใชใฎใง」 and 「ๅญไพ」 becomes 「ๅญไพใชใฎใง」.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ็งใฏๅ ็ใซ่ท็ฉใ้ใใงใใใพใใ。
็งใฏๅ ็ใซ่ท็ฉใ้ใใงใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใ」 describes someone doing something for the speaker (or the speaker’s group). Since the subject is 「็ง」, 「้ใใงใใใพใใ」 is incorrect here. When the speaker does something for another person, 「~ใฆใใใ」 can be used. Therefore, 「็งใฏๅ ็ใซ่ท็ฉใ้ใใงใใใพใใ」 is grammatically correct.
2: ใใกใฎๅญใฏใใๆณฃใใพใใจใ、ใใใกใใๆใใพใใจใ、ๆใใใใใพใ。
ใใกใฎๅญใฏใใๆณฃใใจใ、ใใใกใใๆใใใจใ、ๆใใใใใพใ。
Explanation: When 「ใจใ」 lists actions, verbs are normally used in the plain form. The correction changes ๆณฃใใพใ to ๆณฃใ and ๆใใพใ to ๆใใ, making the structure grammatical.
3: ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏ้ซใใ ใจใ、ใตใผใในใๆชใใ ใจใ、ใใพใใใใใใงใใพใใ。
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏ้ซใใจใ、ใตใผใในใๆชใใจใ、ใใพใใใใใใงใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใ-adjectives attach directly to ใจใ without ใ . Inserting ใ after ้ซใ and ๆชใ is a common mistake. The corrected sentence removes the unnecessary ใ .
4: ็ชใ้ใใฆใใพใใใ、ๅฏใใงใ。
็ชใ้ใใฆใใใพใใใ、ๅฏใใงใ。
Explanation: 「้ใใ」 is a transitive verb, so it requires a person as the subject and the object marked with 「ใ」. 「็ชใ้ใใฆใใพใ」 is incorrect because the window cannot perform the action of ้ใใ. The intransitive verb 「้ใ」 is used when describing the state of the window itself: 「็ชใ้ใใฆใใพใ」 means "the window is open." 「็ชใ้ใใฆใใใพใ」 adds the idea that someone intentionally opened it and left it that way.
5: ้ ญใ็ใใ ใฎใง、ๆฉใๅธฐใใพใ。
้ ญใ็ใใฎใง、ๆฉใๅธฐใใพใ。
Explanation: Again, an ใ-adjective does not take ใ before ใฎใง. ็ใใ ใฎใง is ungrammatical. The correct construction is ็ใใฎใง.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ่ฟๆใซในใผใใผใจ้ง่ปๅ ดใใใใพใ。
่ฟๆใซในใผใใผใจใ้ง่ปๅ ดใจใใใใใพใ。
Explanation: 「ใจ」 simply lists items, while 「~ใจใ~ใจใ」 gives examples or an incomplete list. The structure changes from 「AใจBใใใใพใ」 to 「AใจใBใจใใใใใพใ」.
2: ็งใฏ็ผถใจๅคใ็ฟใๆจใฆใพใ。
็งใฏ็ผถใจใๅคใ็ฟใจใใๆจใฆใพใ。
Explanation: 「~ใจใ~ใจใ」 changes the list from a simple enumeration to examples. The sentence now means that cans, old plates, and possibly other similar items will be thrown away.
3: ๆๆฅ、ๆใชใจใ、ๆไผใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
ๆๆฅ、ๆใชใ、ๆไผใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: 「ใชใ」 expresses a condition: “if it is the case that...”. For ใช-adjectives, 「ใชใ」 attaches directly to the adjective stem, so 「ๆ」 becomes 「ๆใชใ」. The original 「ๆใชใจใ」 describes a time (“when you are free”), while 「ๆใชใ」 expresses a condition (“if you are free”).
4: ็ฎฑใ้ใใใ、ๆไผใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
็ฎฑใ้ใใฎใง、ๆไผใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 expresses a reason or cause and follows the plain form. For ใ-adjectives, it attaches directly, so 「้ใ」 becomes 「้ใใฎใง」. Compared with 「ใใ」, 「ใฎใง」 often sounds more neutral and is commonly used when giving a reason for a request.
5: ่ฟๆใง็ฅญใใใใใใ、ๆฅฝใใฟใงใ。
่ฟๆใง็ฅญใใใใใฎใง、ๆฅฝใใฟใงใ。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 expresses a reason or cause and follows the plain form of verbs. Therefore, 「ใใ」 becomes 「ใใใฎใง」. Compared with 「ใใ」, 「ใฎใง」 gives a softer and more neutral explanation of the reason.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ใกใใฃใจๆไผใฃใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใ ใใพใใใ」 must follow the ใฆ-form of the verb. 「ๆไผใ」 should be 「ๆไผใฃใฆ」.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ้ใใชใ、ๅๅผทใซ้ไธญใงใใพใ。
Explanation: ใช-adjectives drop 「ใ 」 before 「ใชใ」. 「้ใใ ใชใ」 should be 「้ใใชใ」.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๅฐใ้ใใซใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ。
Explanation: 「ใใใ ใใพใใใ」 requires the ใฆ-form. 「ใใ」 should be 「ใใฆ」, making it 「้ใใซใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ」.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ใใขใ้ใใฆใใใพใ。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใพใ」 describes a state resulting from someone's intentional action, so it is normally used with transitive verbs. 「้ใพใ」 is an intransitive verb meaning "to close/become closed", so it does not fit this pattern. Use the transitive verb 「้ใใ」: 「ใใขใ้ใใฆใใใพใ」.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ใๅฎขๆง、ๅฐใ ใๅพ ใก( )ใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ」 uses the potential form 「ใใใ ใใ」 ("can receive the favor") to make a polite request. 「~ใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ」 is not the same structure and does not express a request.
2: ใใฟใพใใ、ใใฎๅฎถๅ ทใไบ้ใซ้ใใง( )ใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ」 is a polite request meaning “could you please do...?”. 「~ใฆใใ ใใ」 is also a request form, but it cannot be followed by 「ใ」 in this structure. 「~ใฆใใใพใ」 expresses doing something for someone else, and 「~ใฆใใใใพใ」 expresses receiving a favor, not directly requesting one.
3: ใใฎๆฌ、ใใ่ชญใใ ( )、่ฟใใฆใใ ใใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: 「่ชญใใ ใชใ」 uses the past plain form + 「ใชใ」 to mean “if you have already read it”. 「ใฎใง」 gives a reason, 「ใฎใซ」 gives an unexpected contrast, and 「ใใฉ」 gives contrast or introduces a soft transition, but neither expresses the condition needed here.
4: ๅ้ใ็งใฎ่ท็ฉใ้ใใง( )。
ChoicesA
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใ」 is used when someone does something for the speaker or the speaker’s group. Since the friend carries the speaker’s luggage, 「้ใใงใใใพใใ」 is correct. 「~ใฆใใใ」 shows the benefit goes from the subject to someone else, and 「~ใฆใใใ」 changes the perspective to the person receiving the favor: 「็งใฏๅ้ใซ้ใใงใใใใพใใ」.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๅผใฃ่ถใใฎๆฅ、ๆไผใใใใ ใใพใใใ。
ๅผใฃ่ถใใฎๆฅ、ๆไผใฃใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ。
Explanation: As in the previous examples, the verb before ใใใ ใใพใใใ must be in the ใฆ-form. ๆไผใใใใ ใใพใใใ is a typical conjugation mistake. The correction is ๆไผใฃใฆใใใ ใใพใใใ.
2: ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ้ใใ ใฎใง、ใใ็ ใใพใ。
ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ้ใใชใฎใง、ใใ็ ใใพใ。
Explanation: ใช-adjectives also need ใช before ใฎใง, just like nouns. Replacing ใ ใฎใง with ใชใฎใง fixes the mistake. The corrected sentence uses ้ใใชใฎใง.
3: ๅฎฟ้กใ้ฃใใใฃใใฎใง、ๅ้ใซๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใ。
ๅฎฟ้กใ้ฃใใใฃใใฎใง、ๅ้ใซๆไผใฃใฆใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใ」 means the speaker does something for another person, while 「~ใฆใใใ」 means the speaker receives help from someone. Since the speaker has difficult homework and needs help, the correct expression is 「ๆไผใฃใฆใใใใพใใ」.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ้ง ๅใฎๅบใฎไบบใ็งใซ้ใๆใใพใใ。
้ง ๅใฎๅบใฎไบบใ้ใๆใใฆใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใ」 shows that someone does something for the speaker’s benefit. The original 「็งใซๆใใพใใ」 simply states that the person told me the way, while 「ๆใใฆใใใพใใ」 adds the nuance that the speaker appreciates receiving this help. The 「็งใซ」 can be omitted because the beneficiary is understood.
2: ็ฎฑใฎไธญใซ็ฟใจ็ฉๅ ทใๅ ฅใใพใใ。
็ฎฑใฎไธญใซ็ฟใจใ็ฉๅ ทใจใใๅ ฅใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใจใ~ใจใ」 lists two or more representative items and implies there are others. The original noun listing with 「ใจ」 is naturally replaced, and the particle 「ใ」 after the second 「ใจใ」 marks the object.
3: ๆๆฅใฏ้จใ ใใ、ๅผใฃ่ถใใใใพใใ。
ๆๆฅใฏ้จใชใฎใง、ๅผใฃ่ถใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「ใฎใง」 expresses a reason or cause. Nouns and ใช-adjectives require 「ใช」 before 「ใฎใง」, so 「้จ」 becomes 「้จใชใฎใง」. The meaning is similar to 「้จใ ใใ」, but 「ใฎใง」 often sounds more neutral and explanatory.
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