Day N3 - 2 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N3 - Day 2
After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N3-2.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.
Grammar practiced:
✓ 〜ãã¨æãŖã
✓ Nã¨ããã¨/ã¨ããã°/ã¨ããŖãã
✓ NãŖãĻ
✓ 〜ããããĒã
✓ 〜ã°ãã
✓ 〜ãŋãã
✓ 〜ããã /ãããĒ/ãããĢ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
đ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: åŊŧã¯åĒãããŖãĻčŠå¤ã 。
Explanation: When quoting a statement with ãŖãĻ, an i-adjective is quoted in its plain form. Since åĒãã is already complete by itself, adding ã is incorrect. Therefore, åĒããã ãŖãĻčŠå¤ã is ungrammatical, and the correct sentence is åŊŧã¯åĒãããŖãĻčŠå¤ã .
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ããŽããŧãã¯ãĄããŖã¨ãã¤ããã¨æãŖãã、åąĨããĻãŋãã大ä¸å¤Ģã ãŖã。
Explanation: ãã¤ã is an i-adjective, which cannot be followed by the copula ã . Adding ã between an i-adjective and ãã¨æãŖã is incorrect.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: æąäēŦã¨ããã°、ãšãĢã¤ããĒãŧãæãæĩŽããļ。
Explanation: ã¨ããã° attaches directly to the noun or quoted expression. A case particle such as ã cannot come between the noun and ã¨ããã°.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: åŊŧã¯æ¯æĨæåĨãč¨ãŖãĻã°ããã§、äŊãããĒã。
Explanation: When ã°ãã expresses a habitual action of “doing nothing but …,” it follows the verb in the te-form.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: A: ãããã§č˛ˇãįŠãããã¨ãå¤ãã§ã。 B: éäŋĄč˛ŠåŖ˛( )、å æĨé ŧãã ããŧãããžã åąããĒããã§ã。
ChoicesC
Explanation: ã¨ããã° is used to introduce a topic related to something that has just been mentioned, similar to "speaking of..." or "since you mentioned...". In this dialogue, Speaker A mentions shopping online, and Speaker B naturally uses éäŋĄč˛ŠåŖ˛ã¨ããã° to connect that topic to a personal experience. Although ã¨ãã㨠and ã¨ããŖãã are sometimes translated similarly, they are used differently. ã¨ãã㨠typically asks for clarification or introduces a common association (e.g. "When you say X..." or "Speaking of X, people think of..."), while ã¨ããŖãã expresses strong emotion or emphasis (e.g. surprise, annoyance, or admiration). Therefore, ã¨ããã° is the only option that naturally fits this conversation.
2: ããŽããŧã、ãĩã¤ãēããã¤ã( )、åąĨããĻãŋãã¨ãĄãããŠãããŖã。
ChoicesD
Explanation: ~ãã¨æãŖãã is used when an initial expectation turns out to be wrong. It means "I thought maybe..." or "I thought that..., but...". In this sentence, the speaker expected the boots to be too tight, but after trying them on, they fit perfectly.
3: åŊŧã¯æ¯æĨ、ãšããŧãĢãŧãåąĨããĻ( )ãã。
ChoicesD
Explanation: 「V-ãĻã°ãããã」 means “does nothing but V”. ã ã cannot follow the ãĻ-form, and ãã requires a negative verb.
4: åŊŧåĨŗ、äģæĨã¯æĨãĒã( )ã。
ChoicesB
Explanation: ãŋããã is commonly used in informal conversation to express a guess or conclusion based on available information or evidence. It means "it looks like..." or "it seems that...".
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ä礿æĄäģļãããã¨、ãŦãˇãŧãã¨ãŋã°ãåŋ čĻã§ã。
ä礿æĄäģļã¨ããã¨、ãŦãˇãŧãã¨ãŋã°ãåŋ čĻã§ã。
Explanation: N + ã¨ãã㨠is a fixed pattern used to introduce a topic, similar to "speaking of..." or "when it comes to...". In this sentence, ä礿æĄäģļã¨ãã㨠means "speaking of exchange conditions". The particle ã cannot be used because č¨ã (ãã) is a verb meaning "to say," and Nããã does not create this topic-introducing expression. The phrase ã¨ãã㨠should be treated as one grammatical unit.
2: åŊŧã¯ããŽæ¸éĄãŽå 厚ãå ¨é¨ããããžãããã 。
åŊŧã¯ããŽæ¸éĄãŽå 厚ãå ¨é¨ãããããã 。
Explanation: ããã attaches to the plain form of verbs, not the polite form. Therefore, ãããããã is correct, while ããããžãããã is incorrect. Here, ããã expresses the speaker's guess or impression that he understands the entire document.
3: ããã¯å¤ĸãããŽčŠąã 。
ããã¯å¤ĸãŽãããĒ芹ã 。
Explanation: When ãã modifies a noun, the pattern is N + ㎠+ ãããĒ + N. In this sentence, å¤ĸãŽãããĒ芹 means "a story like a dream" or "a dream-like story." The particle ㎠comes after the noun, and ãããĒ directly modifies the following noun. å¤ĸãããŽčŠą is incorrect because the word order and particles do not match this pattern.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
đ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ããŽãąãŧã、ãããããŋããã ã。
Explanation: ãŋããã follows different patterns depending on the word type. An i-adjective attaches directly to ãŋããã without ãĒ. Therefore, ãããããŋããã is correct, while ãããããĒãŋããã is incorrect. The particle ãĒ is only used when a ãĒ-adjective modifies a noun (e.g., éããĒäēē), not before ãŋããã .
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ããŽæ įģã¯éĸįŊããŖããã¨æãŖãã、éä¸ã§éŖŊãã。
Explanation: ~ãã¨æãŖãã is used when something happens differently from what was expected, meaning "I thought that..., but then...". It attaches to the plain form of verbs and adjectives. Since éĸįŊããŖã is the past form of an i-adjective, it connects directly to ãã¨æãŖãã. The particle ã is not used after i-adjectives, so éĸįŊããŖãã ãã¨æãŖãã is incorrect.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ããŽåēãŽãĩãŧããšã¯ä¸å¯§ã ãŖãĻčããããŠ、æŦåŊããĒ。
Explanation: When ãŖãĻ is used for hearsay after a na-adjective stem, ã must appear before ãŖãĻ. It should be ä¸å¯§ã ãŖãĻ.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ããŽãŦãšããŠãŗã¯æåãĒã¯ãã 。
Explanation: ã¯ãã follows different patterns depending on the type of word. A na-adjective requires ãĒ before ã¯ãã . Therefore, æåãĒã¯ãã is correct, while æåã¯ãã is incorrect. Compare: æĨãã¯ãã (verb), éĢãã¯ãã (i-adjective), æåãĒã¯ãã (na-adjective), and åĻįãŽã¯ãã (noun).
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ããŽé¨åąã¯éããĒã¯ãã 。
Explanation: D na-adjective needs ãĒ before ã¯ãã . éãã¯ãã is wrong; it must be éããĒã¯ãã .
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: åŊŧã¯ãžã ããŽæ å ąãįĨããĒããŽã¯ãã 。
åŊŧã¯ãžã ããŽæ å ąãįĨããĒãã¯ãã 。
Explanation: ã¯ãã follows different patterns depending on the word type. The negative form of a verb (~ãĒã) behaves like an i-adjective, so it connects directly to ã¯ãã without ãŽ. Therefore, įĨããĒãã¯ãã is correct, while įĨããĒããŽã¯ãã is incorrect. The particle ㎠is only used before ã¯ãã with nouns (e.g., åĻįãŽã¯ãã ).
2: åŧã¯æ¯æĨéãļã°ããããĻ、å ¨įļååŧˇããĒã。
åŧã¯æ¯æĨéãã§ã°ããããĻ、å ¨įļååŧˇããĒã。
Explanation: The pattern for “does nothing but …” is V-ãĻ form + ã°ãã. The dictionary form cannot be used here.
3: åŊŧã¯éĸ¨ãŽãããĒčĩ°ã。
åŊŧã¯éĸ¨ãŽãããĢčĩ°ã。
Explanation: ãŽãããĒ and ãŽãããĢ have different functions. N + ãŽãããĒ + noun is used when describing a noun ("a noun like N"), while N + ãŽãããĢ + verb is used to describe the manner of an action ("do something like N"). Since čĩ°ã is a verb, the correct form is éĸ¨ãŽãããĢčĩ°ã, not éĸ¨ãŽãããĒčĩ°ã.
4: å¤ã ã¨ããã¨、æĩˇãčąįĢ大äŧãæãåēããã。
å¤ã¨ããã¨、æĩˇãčąįĢ大äŧãæãåēããã。
Explanation: N + ã¨ãã㨠is a fixed expression used to introduce a topic, similar to "speaking of..." or "when it comes to...". When using this pattern, a noun is followed directly by ã¨ãã㨠without ã . Therefore, å¤ã¨ãã㨠is correct, while å¤ã ã¨ãã㨠is incorrect in this context.
5: ããŧããŽãŋã°ã¯ãŖãĻ、åãŖãĻã大ä¸å¤Ģã§ãã。
ããŧããŽãŋã°ãŖãĻ、åãŖãĻã大ä¸å¤Ģã§ãã。
Explanation: 「ã¯」 and 「ãŖãĻ」 cannot be stacked to mark the same topic. Use either 「ãŖãĻ」 alone in casual speech.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ãŋã°ãčĻãã、æ´æŋ¯æŠã§æ´ããĒããããããĒã。
ãŋã°ãčĻãã、æ´æŋ¯æŠã§æ´ããĒãããããĒã?
Explanation: ~ããããĒã? expresses a casual guess or assumption while asking for confirmation. It can sometimes translate similarly to "maybe...", but unlike ~ãããããĒã, it suggests that the speaker has some reason or evidence for the guess and expects the listener to agree or confirm. Here, æ´æŋ¯æŠã§æ´ããĒãããããĒã? means "I think it can't be washed in a washing machine, right?"
2: ãĢãŦãŗããŧã§įĸēčĒãããŽã§、äģæĨã¯äŧ館æĨã ã¨æã。
ãĢãŦãŗããŧã§įĸēčĒãããŽã§、äģæĨã¯äŧ館æĨãŽã¯ãã 。
Explanation: ã¯ãã expresses a logical expectation based on evidence or information. It is stronger than a simple opinion with ã¨æã. In this sentence, the speaker checked the calendar, so äģæĨã¯äŧ館æĨãŽã¯ãã means "Today should be a closed day based on the information from the calendar." Since äŧ館æĨ is a noun, it takes ㎠before ã¯ãã .
3: ããŽį´åæ¸、ããä¸åēĻããčĒãã ãģããããã¨æãã。
ããŽį´åæ¸、ããä¸åēĻããčĒãã ãģããããããããĒã?
Explanation: ~ããããĒã? can be used to give a suggestion or opinion in a softer, more conversational way. It often means "don't you think...?" or "wouldn't it be better to...?" and invites the listener to agree or confirm the idea. Here, čĒãã ãģããããããããĒã? changes the direct opinion čĒãã ãģããããã¨æã into a more collaborative suggestion.
4: åŊŧåĨŗãŽčŠąãæšã¯ãĸããĻãŗãĩãŧãŽãããĢä¸å¯§ã 。
åŊŧåĨŗãŽčŠąãæšã¯ãĸããĻãŗãĩãŧãŋãããĢä¸å¯§ã 。
Explanation: ãŋãããĢ is an informal expression used to show resemblance in the way something is done. It can replace ãŽãããĢ in casual speech. In this sentence, ãĸããĻãŗãĩãŧãŋãããĢä¸å¯§ã means "as politely as an announcer" or "polite like an announcer." Unlike ãŽãããĢ, ãŋãããĢ does not use ㎠after the noun.
5: ããŽããŧã、ããļã¤ãŗããšããŧãĢãŧãŽãããĢãĢã¸ãĨãĸãĢã§åąĨãããã。
ããŽããŧã、ããļã¤ãŗããšããŧãĢãŧãŋããã§ãĢã¸ãĨãĸãĢã§åąĨãããã。
Explanation: ãŋããã is an informal expression used to show resemblance. When it connects to another description, it changes to ãŋããã§ (the ãĻ-form of ãŋããã ). Here, ãšããŧãĢãŧãŋããã§ãĢã¸ãĨãĸãĢ means "it looks like a sneaker and is casual." The original ãšããŧãĢãŧãŽãããĢãĢã¸ãĨãĸãĢ can be changed to the more casual ãšããŧãĢãŧãŋãããĢãĢã¸ãĨãĸãĢ or ãšããŧãĢãŧãŋããã§ãĢã¸ãĨãĸãĢ, depending on the intended nuance.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
đ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: äŧãŋãŽæĨã¯ãã¤ãå¯ãĻã°ããã§、éåããĒã。
Explanation: V-ãĻã°ãã is used to express "doing nothing but V" or "spending time only doing V." The verb must be in the ãĻ-form before ã°ãã. Therefore, å¯ãĻã°ããã§ is correct, while å¯ãã°ããã§ is incorrect in this meaning. Note that Vãã°ããã is a different pattern with a different meaning.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ããŽååã¨ããã¨、ããåŖ˛ãåãããã 。
Explanation: N ã¨ãã㨠does not use the particle ã. ããŽååãã¨ãã㨠is ungrammatical; remove ã.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: åŊŧã¯ãã帰ãŖããŋããã 。
Explanation: ãŋããã attaches directly to the plain past form of a verb, without ã . 帰ãŖãã ãŋãã is incorrect; it should be 帰ãŖããŋããã .
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ããŽãąãŧãã¯įãããããĒã?
Explanation: An i-adjective before ããããĒã must not take ã . įãã ããããĒã is wrong; it should be įãããããĒã.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ãŋã°ãã¤ããĻãããã、æ°åãŽ( )。
ChoicesA
Explanation: 「~ã¯ãã 」 draws a logical conclusion: “it should be new”. ããã would give a reason, and ãšãã implies obligation.
2: ããŽãšããŧãĢãŧã¯ãĩã¤ãēãåã( )ãã、大ä¸å¤Ģã ã¨æã。
ChoicesC
Explanation: 「ã¯ãã 」 conveys a logical deduction: “it should fit”. ãšãã expresses obligation, which is unnatural for describing shoe size.
3: įĸēããããĢįŊŽãã( )ã。čĻãĻããã。
ChoicesB
Explanation: ~ã¯ãã expresses a logical expectation based on memory or evidence. Here, the speaker still believes they left the item there and is surprised that it cannot be found. ã¯ããĒ is ungrammatical, and ããã expresses an explanatory conclusion rather than an expectation.
4: åŊŧåĨŗã¯ãã¤ãæåĨãč¨ãŖãĻ( )ãã。
ChoicesA
Explanation: 「N + ã°ãã + V」 means “does nothing but N”. ã°ãã fits the habitual, excessive nuance; ã°ãããĢ would mean “just because”.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: åŊŧã¯äģããå¯ãžããŋããã 。
åŊŧã¯äģããå¯ããŋããã 。
Explanation: 「ãŋããã 」 must follow the plain form, not the polite ãžã-form.
2: ãįĨããã¨ããŖãã、ããŖãąãããŽįēãŽå¤įĨããä¸įĒã 。
ãįĨãã¨ããŖãã、ããŖãąãããŽįēãŽå¤įĨããä¸įĒã 。
Explanation: The set phrase is N + ã¨ããŖãã, using the particle 「ã¨」, not 「ã」.
3: ãŠãããåŊŧã¯į æ°ãĒããã 。
ãŠãããåŊŧã¯į æ°ãŽããã 。
Explanation: For na-adjectives, the proper pattern before ããã is ãĒ adj + ㎠+ ããã (e.g., į æ°ãŽããã ), not į æ°ãĒããã .
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ããŽãšããŧãĢãŧ、ãĄããŖã¨ãã¤ããĒãã§ãã。
ããŽãšããŧãĢãŧãŖãĻ、ãĄããŖã¨ãã¤ããĒãã§ãã。
Explanation: Using ãŖãĻ brings up the sneakers as a topic when casually asking for the listener’s opinion.
2: éäŋĄč˛ŠåŖ˛ãŽãģããåēã§č˛ˇãããããŖã¨åŽãã¨æã。
éäŋĄč˛ŠåŖ˛ãŽãģããåēã§č˛ˇãããããŖã¨åŽãããããĒã?
Explanation: Replacing ã¨æã with ããããĒã keeps the opinion while sounding like a shared observation.
3: ãŋã°ãĢæ¸ããĻãããĩã¤ãēãčĻãĻ、ãããĒã大ä¸å¤Ģã ã¨æããžããã、åŽéã¯å°ããã¤ããŖã。
ãŋã°ãĢæ¸ããĻãããĩã¤ãēãčĻãĻ、ãããĒã大ä¸å¤Ģãã¨æããžããã、åŽéã¯å°ããã¤ããŖã。
Explanation: ãã¨æããžãã turns the speaker’s feeling of reassurance into an impression, matching the act of checking the tag.
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