Day N3 - 1 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N3 - Day 1
After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N3-1.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.
Grammar practiced:
✓ V[ใชใ-form]ใชใใใใใชใ
✓ V(ใ)ใใฆใใใ/V(ใ)ใใฆใใใ/V(ใ)ใใฆใใใ ใ/V(ใ)ใใฆใใ ใใ
✓ V[ใฆ-form]ใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ/V[ใฆ-form]ใใใ ใใใใใงใใ
✓ 〜ใใกใซ
✓ ใ/ใ〜ใใใ ใ
✓ ใ〜ใใ ใใ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ๅคๆด็นใๆใใฆใใใ ใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: 「ๆใใ」 → te-form 「ๆใใฆ」 before 「ใใใ ใใใ」. Using the dictionary form is ungrammatical.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๆใใชใใชใใใกใซ、ๅธฐใใพใใใ。
Explanation: 「ๆใใชใใชใใใกใซ」 is correct for “before it gets dark.” Using the adjective negative 「ๆใใชใ」 without 「ใชใ」 is ungrammatical for a change of state.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๅบใ้ใพใใชใใใกใซ、ๆฅใใ。
Explanation: To say “before the shop closes,” the negative form 「้ใพใใชใใใกใซ」 is required. The affirmative 「้ใพใใใกใซ」 is ungrammatical for this meaning.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ใในใใผใใๅฟใใชใใ、ๆตทๅคใซ่กใใชใใ。
Explanation: The negative stem of 「ๅฟใใ」 is 「ๅฟใ」, so it’s 「ๅฟใใชใใ」. 「ๅฟใใใชใใ」 is ungrammatical.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ๅ ็ใฏใใคใ็งใใกใซ่ช็ฑใซๆ่ฆใ( )。
ChoicesA
Explanation: The teacher is the giver of the favor (letting us speak). ~ใใใฆใใใ matches this direction. B would mean “we get the teacher to let us speak,” D is “have someone say for us,” C is “let someone else speak.” A is correct.
2: ้จใ( )ใใกใซ、่ฒทใ็ฉใซ่กใฃใฆใใพใ。
ChoicesA
Explanation: ้ใใชใใใกใซ means “before it rains.” The negative form + ใใกใซ expresses “before a change occurs.” Other forms give wrong meanings (while raining, after it rained, etc.).
3: ๅใ ใกใ『ใใ้ ใใใ、ใใใใ( )』ใจ่จใฃใฆๅธฐใฃใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: In casual quoted speech, ๅธฐใใชใใ is the natural way to say “gotta go home.” A uses the dictionary stem before ใชใใ, which is wrong; C is past negative; D is intention. Only B gives the correct obligation form.
4: ใๅฎขๆง、ใใกใใฎใขใณใฑใผใใซใๅๅ( )ใ。
ChoicesC
Explanation: ใๅๅใใใ ใใพใใ is the polite potential humble form “could we have your cooperation?” A is plain humble, B is an incorrect honorific form, D means “can cooperate” but does not form a proper request. C is the standard expression.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ่จผๆๆธใใ็บ่กใใใ ใใซใฏ、ๆ็ถใใๅฟ ่ฆใงใ。
่จผๆๆธใใ็บ่กใใใ ใใซใฏ、ๆ็ถใใๅฟ ่ฆใงใ。
Explanation: ็บ่ก is a Sino-Japanese suru-verb; the correct humble form is ใ็บ่กใใใ ใ.
2: ใใฃใจๅๅผทใใใชใใ、่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใงใใชใ。
ใใฃใจๅๅผทใใชใใ、่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใงใใชใ。
Explanation: The verb ใใ becomes ใใชใ in the negative. The pattern requires ใใชใใ, using the stem ใ from ใใชใ.
3: ใใฎ่ณๆใ้ใใใใ ใใใใใงใใ。
ใใฎ่ณๆใ้ใฃใฆใใใ ใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ้ใ → ้ใฃใฆ. The pattern always uses the ใฆ-form of the verb before ใใใ ใใใ.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ้จ้ทใ็งใๆฉใๅธฐใใใฆใใ ใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใใใฆใใใ ใ」 expresses the speaker's own humble action performed with someone else's permission or consideration. Since the subject is ้จ้ท, the verb should describe the manager's action of granting permission: 「ๅธฐใใใฆใใ ใใใพใใ」.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ไฟใฎ่ ใใๅพ ใกใใ ใใใพใ。
Explanation: 「ใๅพ ใกใใ」 is a humble expression. Since the subject is 「ไฟใฎ่ 」 and the sentence honors that person's action, the honorific pattern 「ใๅพ ใกใใ ใใใพใ」 should be used instead of 「ใๅพ ใกใใฆใใ ใใใพใ」.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ใใกใใใใๅฉ็จใใ ใใ。
Explanation: The correct honorific request form is 「ใๅฉ็จใใ ใใ」. 「ใๅฉ็จใใฆใใ ใใ」 is ungrammatical.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ใๆๆฐใงใใ、ใใไธๅบฆ็ขบ่ชใใฆใใใ ใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใฆใใใ ใใใใใงใใ」 requires the te-form. 「็ขบ่ชใใ」 must be 「็ขบ่ชใใฆใใใ ใใใ」. The dictionary form before 「ใใใ ใใใ」 is ungrammatical.
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆฉใ่ตทใใชใใ、้ฃ่กๆฉใซไนใ้ ใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใชใใ」 attaches to the negative stem: 「่ตทใใ」 → 「่ตทใใชใใ」. Using the dictionary form 「่ตทใใใชใใ」 is a common mistake.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใกใซๅฏใฆใใพใใพใใ。
ๆ ็ปใ่ฆใฆใใใใกใซๅฏใฆใใพใใพใใ。
Explanation: To express that something happens while an action is in progress, use 「Vใฆใใใใกใซ」. Therefore, 「่ฆใใใกใซ」 is incorrect in this sentence; the correct form is 「่ฆใฆใใใใกใซ」.
2: ๅฐใ ใๅพ ใกใใ ใใ。
ๅฐใ ใๅพ ใกใใ ใใ。
Explanation: ๅพ ใค is a native verb. The standard respectful request is ใๅพ ใกใใ ใใ, not ใๅพ ใกใใ ใใ.
3: ๆฌใ่ฟๅดใใใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ。
ๆฌใ่ฟๅดใใฆใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ่ฟๅดใใ is a suru-verb, so its ใฆ-form is ่ฟๅดใใฆ. The dictionary form cannot be used directly.
4: ๅฝผใๆฅใใชใใ、ใใผใใฃใผใๅงใใใใชใ。
ๅฝผใๆฅใชใใ、ใใผใใฃใผใๅงใใใใชใ。
Explanation: ๆฅใ is irregular. Its ใชใ-form is ๆฅใชใ, so the correct short form is ๆฅใชใใ, not ๆฅใใชใใ.
5: ใใกใใซใ่จๅ ฅใใใ ใใพใใ。
ใใกใใซใ่จๅ ฅใใใ ใใพใใ。
Explanation: ่จๅ ฅ is a Sino-Japanese suru-verb, so the honorific prefix is ใ, not ใ.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๆๆฅใพใงใซใใฎ่จผๆๆธใๆๅบใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ。
ๆๆฅใพใงใซใใฎ่จผๆๆธใๆๅบใใชใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใชใใ」 is a casual contraction of 「~ใชใใใฐ」, implying obligation. The sentence ends without ใใใชใ/ใชใใชใ, which is common in informal speech.
2: ใใกใใฎๆธ้กใใๆๅบใใใ ใใพใใ。
ใใกใใฎๆธ้กใใๆๅบใใใ ใใพใ。
Explanation: 「ๆๅบใใฆใใ ใใ」 is rewritten using the honorific-humble request pattern 「ใๆๅบใใใ ใใพใใ」, which literally means "Could I receive the favor of your submitting this document?" This is a more polite and indirect request than 「~ใใฆใใ ใใ」.
3: ๅ ่ผฉใใใฎ็จ็ดใฎ่จๅ ฅๆนๆณใๆใใฆใใใพใใ。
ๅ ่ผฉใใใฎ็จ็ดใฎ่จๅ ฅๆนๆณใใๆใใใ ใใใพใใ。
Explanation: ๆใใฆใใใพใใ is rewritten using the respectful benefactive pattern ใๆใใใ ใใใพใใ, which honors the subject (ๅ ่ผฉ) for performing the action. The meaning remains essentially the same, but the sentence becomes more polite and respectful toward the senior.
4: ้้คจๆ้ใซใคใใฆๆใใฆใใ ใใ。
้้คจๆ้ใซใคใใฆๆใใฆใใใ ใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ๆใใฆ + ใใใ ใใใใใงใใ humbly expresses “I would like you to tell me”. The ใใงใใ softens the request.
5: ๆๆฅใพใงใซ่ฒธๅบใฎๆ็ถใใๅฎไบใใฆใใ ใใ。
ๆๆฅใพใงใซ่ฒธๅบใฎๆ็ถใใๅฎไบใใฆใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ๅฎไบใใ → ๅฎไบใใฆ + ใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ. The speaker is asking for the favor of completion, turning a command into a polite request.
3. Review
Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๆชใใใฉ、ๅใฎ่ปใ้่ปขใใใฆใใใฃใฆใใใ?
Explanation: 「้่ปขใใ」 is a suru-verb; its causative te-form is 「้่ปขใใใฆ」. 「้่ปขใใใใใฆ」 is ungrammatical.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ใในใใซใใฎๆธ้กใๆๅฝใใชใใ。
Explanation: 「ๆๅฝใใ」 → negative stem 「ๆๅฝใ」 → 「ๆๅฝใใชใใ」. The dictionary form is ungrammatical.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ไปๆฅไธญใซใฌใใผใใๆธใใชใใใใใพใใ。
Explanation: 「~ใชใใ」 attaches to the negative stem. 「ๆธใ」 → 「ๆธใใชใ」 → 「ๆธใใชใใ」. Using the dictionary form 「ๆธใใชใใ」 is a typical learner error.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ่จผๆๆธใฎ็บ่กใๅฎไบใใพใใใฎใง、็ชๅฃใงใๅใๅใใใ ใใ。
Explanation: The correct honorific request form is 「ใๅใๅใใใ ใใ」. 「ใๅๅใฃใฆใใ ใใ」 is not a valid grammatical construction.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: ใใฎในใผใใฏ( )ใใกใซๅฌใไธใใฃใฆใใ ใใ。
ChoicesA
Explanation: ใ-adjective + ใใกใซ means “while it is ~.” ๆธฉใใใใกใซ = “while it’s hot.” The negative, past, and adverbial forms do not fit this pattern naturally.
2: ้คจ้ทใใใใใใๆกๅ ( )。
ChoicesC
Explanation: ใๆกๅ ใใ ใใ is the honorific form showing that the director kindly gave guidance. B is humble (we received), D means the director let someone guide, A is a different honorific form that would require ใๆกๅ ใซใชใ (not used this way). C is the natural honorific.
3: ๅ้ใๅผใฃ่ถใใ( )ใฎใง、ใจใฆใๅฉใใฃใ。
ChoicesB
Explanation: The friend did the favor of helping. ~ใฆใใใ is correct. A means “the friend let me help,” D means “I got the friend to let me help,” C means “I helped the friend.” Only B conveys the friend’s helpful action toward the speaker.
4: ๅคไผใฟใฎ( )、ๆฏๆฅใขใซใใคใใใใฆใใพใใ。
ChoicesD
Explanation: ๅคไผใฟใฎใใใ ใซ means “during summer vacation.” ใใกใซ implies a time limit before a change, ใจใใซ is “at the time of,” ใพใงใซ is “by a deadline.” Only D correctly expresses an ongoing period.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ใใ้ ใใใๅฏใใชใใ。
ใใ้ ใใใๅฏใชใใ。
Explanation: ๅฏใ is an ichidan verb. Its negative is ๅฏใชใ, so the casual obligation form is ๅฏใชใใ, not ๅฏใใชใใ.
2: ๅ้ใซใฒใผใ ใใใใใใฆใใใฃใ。
ๅ้ใซใฒใผใ ใใใใใฆใใใฃใ。
Explanation: ใใ → ใใใใ, so ใใใใฆใใใ is the correct form; ใใใใใ is a frequent learner error.
3: ่จผๆๆธใ็บ่กใใใใใ ใใใใใงใใ。
่จผๆๆธใ็บ่กใใฆใใใ ใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ็บ่กใใ → ็บ่กใใฆ. Using the dictionary form is a common error when forming polite requests.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ่ฒธๅบใซใผใใฎๅ็บ่กใใ้กใใใพใ。
่ฒธๅบใซใผใใๅ็บ่กใใฆใใใ ใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ๅ็บ่กใใ → ๅ็บ่กใใฆ + ใใใ ใใใใใงใใ. The pattern politely conveys “I’d like you to reissue it (for me)”.
2: ไผ้คจใซใชใๅใซ、ๆฌใ่ฟๅดใใใปใใใใใงใใ。
ไผ้คจใซใชใใชใใใกใซ、ๆฌใ่ฟๅดใใใปใใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: ไผ้คจใซใชใใชใใใกใซ means “before it closes (while it’s still not closed)”. ใใกใซ highlights the time window.
3: ใใฎ็จ็ดใซๅๅใๆธใใฆใใ ใใ。
ใใฎ็จ็ดใซๅๅใๆธใใฆใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ。
Explanation: The request 「ๆธใใฆใใ ใใ」 is softened into asking permission to receive the favor: 「ๆธใใฆใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใ」 means “May I have you write it?”
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