Day N3 - 18 - Grammar Practice

Complementary Exercises: Daily N3 - Day 18

After reading the original text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N3-18.

These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns, and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar introduced in the shadowing practice.

Grammar practiced:
✓ ~ãŖã‘
✓ ~もぎ/もん
✓ ~もぎだ
✓ ~やら~やら
✓ ~ãĻもしかた(が)ãĒい/~ãĻもしょうがãĒい
✓ ~ãļり
✓ N ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ/ãĢかわり
✓ N ãĢおいãĻ/ãĢおける
✓ ~ãĢ寞しãĻ/ãĢ寞する
✓ ~がる

1. Understand

Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: į´„æŸãŽæ™‚é–“ãĢé…ã‚Œãã†ã ãŖãŸãŽã§、友達ãĢ逪įĩĄã—ぞした。
B: å­äž›ãŸãĄã¯、æ–°ã—ã„ã‚˛ãƒŧムで遊ãļãŸãŒãŖãĻいぞす。
C: čĒŦæ˜Žã‚’čžã„ãĻも分からãĒã‹ãŖãŸãŽã§、もう一åēĻčŗĒ問しぞした。
D: ã“ãŽéƒ¨åą‹ã¯įρᅙãĒぎで、å¤–ã§ãŸã°ã“ã‚’å¸ãŖãĻください。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: å­äž›ãŸãĄã¯、æ–°ã—ã„ã‚˛ãƒŧãƒ ã§éŠãŗãŸãŒãŖãĻいぞす。
Explanation: The pattern ~たがる is used to describe another person's apparent desire to do something. It can be understood as ~たい with the final い removed, followed by がる, which expresses an observable feeling or desire. For example, éŠãŗãŸã„ becomes éŠãŗãŸãŒã‚‹. The ~ãŸãŒãŖãĻいぞす form describes an ongoing desire inferred from someone's behavior.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 大äŧšã§å„Ēå‹ã—ãŸã¨čžã„ãĻ、åŽļæ—å…¨å“ĄãŒå–œãŗãžã—ãŸ。
B: ᧁãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ、åĻšãŒãƒšãƒƒãƒˆãŽä¸–čŠąã‚’ã—ãĻくれぞした。
C: äŧšč­°ãŽã‚とで、äģŠåžŒãŽæ´ģ動ãĢついãĻãŽčŠąã—åˆã„ãžã—ã‚‡ã†。
D: こぎパã‚Ŋã‚ŗãƒŗã¯å¤ã„ã§ã™ãŒ、ぞだ十分äŊŋえぞす。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: äŧšč­°ãŽã‚とで、äģŠåžŒãŽæ´ģ動ãĢついãĻčŠąã—åˆã„ãžã—ã‚‡ã†。
Explanation: The expression ~ãĢついãĻ indicates the topic of a discussion and can be followed directly by the verb čŠąã—åˆã† (to discuss). The particle ぎ is used after ~ãĢついãĻ when modifying a noun, as in äģŠåžŒãŽæ´ģ動ãĢついãĻãŽčŠąã—åˆã„ (a discussion about future activities). However, čŠąã—åˆã„ãžã—ã‚‡ã† is a verb in the volitional form, not a noun, so ぎ cannot be inserted before it.

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 暗くãĒる前ãĢ、åŽļãĢ帰りぞしょう。
B: ã“ãŽå•éĄŒãĢついãĻは、ぞだäŊ•ã‚‚æąēãžãŖãĻいぞせん。
C: ã“ãŽã‚ŗãƒƒãƒ—ã¯、ã‚ãŽã‚ŗãƒƒãƒ—ã¨åŒã˜ãŽå€¤æŽĩです。
D: åŧŸã¯、į§ãŽã‘ã‚“įŽ‰ã‚’æŦ˛ã—ãŒãŖãĻいぞす。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ã“ãŽã‚ŗãƒƒãƒ—ã¯、ã‚ãŽã‚ŗãƒƒãƒ—ã¨åŒã˜å€¤æŽĩです。
Explanation: The word 同じ (same) can directly modify a noun without the particle ぎ, as in 同じ値æŽĩ (the same price). Although 同じ is often classified as a ãĒ-adjective, it behaves differently from typical ãĒ-adjectives when modifying nouns, so neither ãĒ nor ぎ is needed in this construction. The particle ぎ can appear after 同じ when it refers to an implied noun, as in 同じぎがæŦ˛ã—い, but it cannot be inserted between 同じ and an explicitly stated noun such as 値æŽĩ.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 新äēēãŽåąąį”°ã•ã‚“ã¯、毎æ—ĨįœŸå‰ŖãĢäģ•äē‹ã‚’しãĻいぞす。
B: 明æ—ĨãŽčŠąįĢ大äŧšã¯äŊ•æ™‚ã‹ã‚‰ã ãŖã‘。
C: ã“ãŽį”¨į´™ãĢ名前を書くをåŋ˜ã‚Œãžã—た。
D: こぎ゚ニãƒŧã‚ĢãƒŧはčģŊくãĻ、歊きやすいです。
Answer
C
Correct Sentence: ã“ãŽį”¨į´™ãĢ名前を書くぎをåŋ˜ã‚Œãžã—た。
Explanation: The verb åŋ˜ã‚Œã‚‹ can take a noun or a nominalized verb phrase as its object. When expressing that someone forgot to perform an action, the dictionary form of the verb is followed by ぎ or こと to turn the action into a noun-like expression. In this case, 名前を書く becomes 名前を書くぎ, which can then be marked by the object particle を. The structure is dictionary-form verb + ぎ + を + åŋ˜ã‚Œã‚‹. Without ぎ, the particle を cannot directly follow 書く in this construction.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: ä슿—Ĩはé›ģčŠąãŒäŊ•åēĻã‚‚ã‹ã‹ãŖãĻきぞす。そぎ間ãĢ、äŧšč­°ã§äŊŋã†čŗ‡æ–™ã‚‚æŽĸしãĻいぞす。ãŠãĄã‚‰ã‚‚ä슿—Ĩ中ãĢしãĒければãĒらãĒいäģ•äē‹ã§ã™。 「ä슿—Ĩは(      )。åŋ™ã—くãĻ、ぞだ帰れぞせん。」

Choices
A: é›ģ芹ãĢå‡ēãĻも、čŗ‡æ–™ã‚’æŽĸしãĻもしかたがありぞせん
B: é›ģ芹ãĢå‡ēるやら、čŗ‡æ–™ã‚’æŽĸすやらで大変です
C: é›ģ芹ãĢå‡ēるåŋ…čĻã‚‚、čŗ‡æ–™ã‚’æŽĸすåŋ…čĻã‚‚ã‚ã‚Šãžã›ã‚“
D: é›ģ芹ãĢå‡ēるäģ•äē‹ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ、čŗ‡æ–™ã‚’æŽĸすäģ•äē‹ã ã‘をしãĻいぞす
Answer
B
Explanation: The pattern ~やら~やら is used to mention multiple activities, situations, or feelings that contribute to an overwhelming, confusing, or troublesome experience. Here, é›ģ芹ãĢå‡ēるやら、čŗ‡æ–™ã‚’æŽĸすやらで emphasizes that dealing with repeated phone calls while searching for meeting materials makes the day particularly hectic. The particle で connects these activities to the resulting difficulty expressed by 大変です. Unlike ~たり~たり, which can simply list representative activities, ~やら~やら often conveys a sense of being overwhelmed by everything happening.

2: 姉:「おうしãĻそぎ動į”ģをčĻ‹ãĒいぎ? ぞだ一åēĻもčĻ‹ãĻãĒいでしょ。」 åŧŸ:「čĻ‹ãŸããĒいよ。æ€–ã„čŠąã¯(      )。」

Choices
A: č‹Ļæ‰‹ã ãŖãŸãŖã‘
B: č‹Ļ手ãĒんだもん
C: č‹Ļ手ãĒわけがãĒいよ
D: č‹Ļ手じゃãĒいんだもん
Answer
B
Explanation: The expression ~んだもん is a casual way of giving a personal reason or excuse, often with an emotional, slightly childish, or defensive tone. It combines んだ, which adds an explanatory nuance, with もん, which emphasizes the speaker's justification. Since č‹Ļ手 is a ãĒ-adjective, it connects as č‹Ļ手ãĒんだもん, expressing reluctance based on a personal dislike or discomfort.

3: 新äēē:「ぞた間違えãĻしぞいぞした。初めから一åēĻも間違えずãĢäģ•äē‹ãŒã§ãã‚‹äēēもいるんでしょうか。」 先čŧŠ:「初めから全部うぞくできるäēēãĒんãĻ、ãģとんおいãĒいよ。初めはčĒ°ã§ã‚‚(      )。大切ãĒぎは、同じ間違いをしãĒいようãĢすることだよ。」

Choices
A: é–“é•ãˆãŸã‚“ã ãŖã‘
B: 間違えãĒくãĒãŖãŸã‚“ã 
C: 間違えãĒいでãģしいんだ
D: 間違えるもぎだ
Answer
D
Explanation: The pattern ~もぎだ is used to express a general truth, natural tendency, or something commonly expected in life. When attached to the dictionary form of a verb, as in 間違えるもぎだ, it presents making mistakes as a normal part of an experience rather than an exceptional event. The expression 初めはčĒ°ã§ã‚‚ reinforces this generalization by referring to what typically happens to everyone at the beginning. In this context, the speaker uses ~もぎだ to reassure a less experienced coworker that mistakes are natural while emphasizing the importance of learning from them.

4: é›ģčģŠã¯ã‚‚うå‡ēãĻしぞいぞした。čĩ°ãŖãĻも、そぎé›ģčģŠãĢは䚗れぞせん。 「äģŠã‹ã‚‰(      )。æŦĄãŽé›ģčģŠã‚’垅とう。」

Choices
A: į„ĻãŖãĻもしかたがãĒい
B: こぎé›ģčģŠãĢäš—ãŖãŸã‚‚ãŽã 
C: 駅ぞでčĩ°ãŖãĻãģしい
D: æ€Ĩいで䚗らãĒきゃいけãĒい
Answer
A
Explanation: The pattern ~ãĻもしかたがãĒい expresses that doing something is pointless because it cannot change the situation. It combines the ~ãĻも form, meaning "even if," with しかたがãĒい, meaning "there is no way" or "nothing can be done." In į„ĻãŖãĻもしかたがãĒい, the speaker recognizes that getting anxious or rushing will not help. The context establishes that the train has already departed, making any further effort to catch it useless. This expression is commonly used when accepting an unchangeable situation and deciding to move on rather than worrying about it.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: å…ˆé€ą、三嚴ぎãļりãĢéĢ˜æ ĄãŽå‹é”ãĢäŧšã„ぞした。

Answer
å…ˆé€ą、三嚴ãļりãĢéĢ˜æ ĄãŽå‹é”ãĢäŧšã„ぞした。
Explanation: The expression ~ãļりãĢ indicates that something happens again after a certain period of time. It attaches directly to a time expression, such as 三嚴ãļりãĢ (after three years) or 一週間ãļりãĢ (after one week), without the particle ぎ.

2: åĻšã¯įŠŦã‚’æ€–ã„ãŒãŖãĻ、į§ãŽåžŒã‚ãĢ隠れãĻいぞす。

Answer
åĻšã¯įŠŦã‚’æ€–ãŒãŖãĻ、į§ãŽåžŒã‚ãĢ隠れãĻいぞす。
Explanation: The suffix ~がる is used to describe feelings or sensations that another person shows through observable behavior. When attaching ~がる to an い-adjective, remove the final い first: 怖い → 怖がる → æ€–ãŒãŖãĻ.

3: æ¯å­ã¯ã‘ã‚“įŽ‰ãŽå‹•į”ģをčĻ‹ã‚‹ãŸãŒãŖãĻ、äŊ•åēĻも「čĻ‹ã›ãĻ」ã¨č¨€ãŖãĻいぞす。

Answer
æ¯å­ã¯ã‘ã‚“įŽ‰ãŽå‹•į”ģをčĻ‹ãŸãŒãŖãĻ、äŊ•åēĻも「čĻ‹ã›ãĻ」ã¨č¨€ãŖãĻいぞす。
Explanation: The pattern ~たがる expresses another person's desire based on observable behavior or statements. To form it, attach がる to the verb's ~たい stem, removing the final い: čĻ‹ã‚‹ → čĻ‹ãŸã„ → čĻ‹ãŸãŒã‚‹ → čĻ‹ãŸãŒãŖãĻ.

2. Practice

Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: å§”å“ĄäŧšãĢおいãĻ、äģŠåžŒãŽæ—Ĩį¨‹ãŒæąēぞりぞした。
B: こぎæœŦは、子䞛ãĢもčĒ­ã‚ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĒ書いãĻありぞす。
C: こぎ動į”ģは、į„Ąæ–™ã§čĻ‹ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ããžã™。
D: å…Ĩã‚ŠåŖãŒæˇˇã‚“ã§ã„ã‚‹ãŽã§、åˆĨぎドã‚ĸからå…Ĩりぞしょう。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: こぎæœŦは、子䞛ãĢもčĒ­ã‚ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢ書いãĻありぞす。
Explanation: The pattern ~ようãĢ expresses a purpose or intended result, especially when the goal involves a potential form such as čĒ­ã‚ã‚‹ (can read). Here, čĒ­ã‚ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĢ modifies 書いãĻありぞす to indicate that the book has been written in a way that allows children to read it. The distinction is that ~ようãĢ modifies verbs, while ~ようãĒ modifies nouns, as in 子䞛ãĢもčĒ­ã‚ã‚‹ã‚ˆã†ãĒæœŦ.

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: これは、äē”åš´ãļりぎæĩˇå¤–æ—…čĄŒã§ã™。
B: 姉は、ã“ãŽį—…é™ĸでåŒģč€…ã¨ã—ãĻぎ働いãĻいぞす。
C: Ꮄįŋ’を始めたころãĢ比ずãĻ、ずいãļん上達しぞした。
D: 厉全ぎためãĢ、äŋ‚ぎäēēぎ指į¤ēãĢåž“ãŖãĻください。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: 姉は、ã“ãŽį—…é™ĸでåŒģč€…ã¨ã—ãĻ働いãĻいぞす。
Explanation: The expression ~としãĻ indicates a role, position, or capacity in which someone performs an action. When followed by a verb, it connects directly to that verb, as in åŒģč€…ã¨ã—ãĻ働く. The particle ぎ is added only when ~としãĻ modifies a noun, as in åŒģč€…ã¨ã—ãĻぎč˛Ŧäģģ (responsibilities as a doctor).

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 分からãĒã„č¨€č‘‰ã¯、そぎ場で検į´ĸしãĻいぞす。
B: ã“ãŽéƒ¨åą‹ã¯įĒ“ãŒå¤§ãã„ã§、とãĻも明るいです。
C: 明æ—ĨぎčŠĻ合では、最垌ぞで頑åŧĩりぞす。
D: プãƒŦã‚ŧãƒŗãƒˆã‚’ã‚‚ã‚‰ãŖãĻ、うれしいやらæĨずかしいやらで、äŊ•ã‚‚č¨€ãˆãžã›ã‚“ã§ã—ãŸ。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: ã“ãŽéƒ¨åą‹ã¯įĒ“ãŒå¤§ãããĻ、とãĻも明るいです。
Explanation: When connecting an い-adjective to another clause, the final い is replaced with くãĻ. For example, 大きい becomes 大きくãĻ. This form can connect related descriptions and express a reason or cause, depending on the context. The particle で is used to connect ãĒ-adjectives and nouns in certain constructions, but it cannot be attached directly to an い-adjective.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 明æ—Ĩは、čˇį‰Šã‚’é€ãŖãĻã‚„ã‚‰éƒ¨åą‹ã‚’æŽƒé™¤ã™ã‚‹ã‚„ã‚‰ã§åŋ™ã—いです。
B: ã“ãŽį”¨į´™ãĢは、éģ’ã„ãƒšãƒŗã§č¨˜å…ĨしãĻください。
C: įĨ–母は毎朝、å…Ŧ園でäŊ“操をしãĻいぞす。
D: こぎ動į”ģぎおかげで、ã‘ã‚“įŽ‰ãŽįˇ´įŋ’ぎä앿–šãŒåˆ†ã‹ã‚Šãžã—た。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: 明æ—Ĩは、čˇį‰Šã‚’é€ã‚‹ã‚„ã‚‰éƒ¨åą‹ã‚’æŽƒé™¤ã™ã‚‹ã‚„ã‚‰ã§åŋ™ã—いです。
Explanation: The pattern ~やら~やら is used to list multiple actions, situations, or feelings, often suggesting that there is a lot happening or that the speaker feels overwhelmed. When listing actions, やら attaches directly to the dictionary form of a verb.

5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: ä슿—Ĩは、æ¯ãŽã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ、į§ãŒæ–™į†ã‚’äŊœã‚Šãžã™。
B: äŧšč­°ãŒå§‹ãžã‚‹å‰ãĢ、čŗ‡æ–™ã‚’å…¨å“ĄãĢé…ãŖãĻください。
C: ã‚ãŽč€äēēは、毎æ—Ĩこぎå…Ŧåœ’ã‚’æ•Ŗæ­Šã—ãĻいぞす。
D: こぎåē—では、クãƒŦジットã‚Ģãƒŧドでも支払えぞす。
Answer
A
Correct Sentence: ä슿—Ĩは、母ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ、į§ãŒæ–™į†ã‚’äŊœã‚Šãžã™。
Explanation: The expression ~ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ means that someone or something takes the place of another person or thing, performing a role or action instead. It attaches to a noun using the particle ãĢ, forming the structure noun + ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ. In this case, 母ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ indicates that the speaker will prepare the meal in place of their mother.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: åŧŸã¯éƒ¨åą‹ãŽæŽƒé™¤ã‚’å̌ãĒãŒãŖãĻ、ぞだ始めãĻいぞせん。

Answer
åŧŸã¯éƒ¨åą‹ãŽæŽƒé™¤ã‚’åĢŒãŒãŖãĻ、ぞだ始めãĻいぞせん。
Explanation: The suffix ~がる describes feelings or attitudes that another person displays through observable behavior. With å̌(いや), which is a ãĒ-adjective, がる attaches directly to the stem without adding ãĒ: å̌ → åĢŒãŒã‚‹ → åĢŒãŒãŖãĻ.

2: į¤žé•ˇãŒį—…æ°—ã§äŧ‘んでいるため、į¤žé•ˇãŽã‹ã‚ãŖãĻį§˜æ›¸ãŒæ—Ĩį¨‹ã‚’čĒŦ明しぞす。

Answer
į¤žé•ˇãŒį—…æ°—ã§äŧ‘んでいるため、į¤žé•ˇãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻį§˜æ›¸ãŒæ—Ĩį¨‹ã‚’čĒŦ明しぞす。
Explanation: The expression ~ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ means that someone acts in another person's place or takes over their role. It attaches to a noun using ãĢ.

3: é›ģčģŠã¯ã‚‚うå‡ēたぎで、äģŠã‹ã‚‰æ€ĨぐãĻもしかたがありぞせん。

Answer
é›ģčģŠã¯ã‚‚うå‡ēたぎで、äģŠã‹ã‚‰æ€Ĩいでもしかたがありぞせん。
Explanation: The expression ~ãĻもしかたがãĒい indicates that doing something is pointless because it will not change the situation. It combines the ~ãĻも form, meaning “even if,” with しかたがãĒい, meaning “there is no way” or “nothing can be done.” To form ~ãĻも with a verb ending in ぐ, change ぐ to いで and add も: æ€Ĩぐ → æ€Ĩいで → æ€Ĩいでも.

4: åŽģ嚴ぎå†Ŧも、こんãĒãĢå¯’ã‹ãŖãŸã ãŖã‘。よくčĻšãˆãĻいãĒいãĒ。

Answer
åŽģ嚴ぎå†Ŧも、こんãĒãĢå¯’ã‹ãŖãŸãŖã‘。よくčĻšãˆãĻいãĒいãĒ。
Explanation: The sentence-ending expression ~ãŖã‘ is used when trying to recall or confirm something from memory. With い-adjectives in the past tense, attach ãŖã‘ directly to the ~ã‹ãŖãŸ form: 寒い → å¯’ã‹ãŖãŸ → å¯’ã‹ãŖãŸãŖã‘.

5: į™ēčĄ¨ãŽåžŒ、å…ˆį”Ÿã¯å­Ļį”ŸãŽčŗĒ問ãĢ寞する丁寧ãĢį­”ãˆãžã—ãŸ。

Answer
į™ēčĄ¨ãŽåžŒ、å…ˆį”Ÿã¯å­Ļį”ŸãŽčŗĒ問ãĢ寞しãĻ丁寧ãĢį­”ãˆãžã—ãŸ。
Explanation: Both ~ãĢ寞しãĻ and ~ãĢ寞する indicate the target of an action, attitude, or response, but they have different grammatical functions. ~ãĢ寞しãĻ is used before a verb or an expression describing an action, while ~ãĢ寞する modifies a noun and must be followed by one, as in čŗĒ問ãĢå¯žã™ã‚‹į­”ãˆ. Since 丁寧ãĢ is an adverb modifying į­”ãˆãžã—ãŸ, ~ãĢ寞する cannot be used here.

✏️ Rewrite

Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.

1: æœēぎ上ãĢã¯æ•™į§‘æ›¸ã‚„ãƒŽãƒŧトãĒおがたくさんįŊŽã„ãĻã‚ãŖãĻ、勉åŧˇã™ã‚‹å ´æ‰€ãŒã‚りぞせん。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~やら~やら
Answer
æœēぎ上ãĢã¯æ•™į§‘æ›¸ã‚„ã‚‰ãƒŽãƒŧトやらがたくさんįŊŽã„ãĻã‚ãŖãĻ、勉åŧˇã™ã‚‹å ´æ‰€ãŒã‚りぞせん。
Explanation: Both ~や~ãĒお and ~やら~やら introduce non-exhaustive lists, but they convey different nuances. ~や~ãĒお neutrally lists examples, while ~やら~やら often suggests that several different things are present, sometimes creating a sense of clutter, disorder, or being overwhelmed. In this context, ~やら~やら emphasizes the variety of items scattered across the desk, making the lack of study space feel more frustrating. The original sentence simply describes the situation, whereas the rewritten version adds a subtle emotional or subjective tone.

2: äēŒåš´å‰ãĢã‚ŗãƒŧãƒã¨éŖŸäē‹ã‚’しãĻäģĨæĨ、初めãĻ䏀᎒ãĢ骟äē‹ã‚’するぎで、å°‘ã—įˇŠåŧĩしãĻいぞす。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ãļりぎ
Answer
ã‚ŗãƒŧチとäēŒåš´ãļã‚ŠãŽéŖŸäē‹ãĒぎで、å°‘ã—įˇŠåŧĩしãĻいぞす。
Explanation: Both ~äģĨæĨ and ~ãļり express a connection to a previous event, but they focus on different aspects of time. ~äģĨæĨ means “since” and establishes a starting point from which a situation continues or an event has not occurred again. In contrast, ~ãļり emphasizes that an event is happening again after a certain period. The expression äēŒåš´ãļã‚ŠãŽéŖŸäē‹ highlights the two-year gap between meals, making it more concise and natural. Placing ã‚ŗãƒŧチと before äēŒåš´ãļり also makes it clear that the speaker is having a meal with the coach again, rather than describing the coach.

3: åŽģ嚴ぎå†Ŧも、こんãĒãĢå¯’ã‹ãŖãŸã‹ãĒ。よくčĻšãˆãĻいãĒいãĒ。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ãŖã‘
Answer
åŽģ嚴ぎå†Ŧも、こんãĒãĢå¯’ã‹ãŖãŸãŖã‘。よくčĻšãˆãĻいãĒいãĒ。
Explanation: Both ~かãĒ and ~ãŖã‘ can express uncertainty, but they differ in how the speaker approaches it. ~かãĒ expresses general wondering or uncertainty, without necessarily implying that the speaker previously knew the answer. In contrast, ~ãŖã‘ is commonly used when trying to recall something from memory or confirm a previously known fact. In this context, å¯’ã‹ãŖãŸã‹ãĒ sounds like the speaker is wondering whether last winter was equally cold, while å¯’ã‹ãŖãŸãŖã‘ emphasizes an attempt to remember how cold it actually was. The following よくčĻšãˆãĻいãĒいãĒ reinforces this memory-related nuance, making ~ãŖã‘ particularly natural.

4: é›ģčģŠã¯ã‚‚うå‡ēぞした。äģŠã‹ã‚‰į„ĻãŖãĻも、おうãĢもãĒりぞせん。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ãĻもしかたがありぞせん
Answer
é›ģčģŠã¯ã‚‚うå‡ēぞした。äģŠã‹ã‚‰į„ĻãŖãĻもしかたがありぞせん。
Explanation: Both ~ãĻもおうãĢもãĒりぞせん and ~ãĻもしかたがありぞせん express the idea that an action will not improve the situation, but they emphasize different aspects. ~ãĻもおうãĢもãĒりぞせん focuses on the impossibility of changing or resolving the situation, while ~ãĻもしかたがありぞせん emphasizes that doing something is pointless because the outcome cannot be changed. In this context, į„ĻãŖãĻもおうãĢもãĒりぞせん suggests that panicking will not solve anything, whereas į„ĻãŖãĻもしかたがありぞせん conveys that there is no point in panicking. Since the train has already departed, both expressions are natural, but ~ãĻもしかたがありぞせん places greater emphasis on the futility of the reaction.

5: ããŽãƒã‚ąãƒƒãƒˆã¯、おぎåē—ã§ã‚‚åŽŒåŖ˛ã—ãĻいぞす。äģŠã‹ã‚‰åē—ã‚’å›žãŖãĻã‚‚į„Ąé§„ã§ã™。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ãĻもしかたがありぞせん
Answer
ããŽãƒã‚ąãƒƒãƒˆã¯、おぎåē—ã§ã‚‚åŽŒåŖ˛ã—ãĻいぞす。äģŠã‹ã‚‰åē—ã‚’å›žãŖãĻもしかたがありぞせん。
Explanation: Both ~ãĻã‚‚į„Ąé§„ã§ã™ and ~ãĻもしかたがありぞせん express that an action will not produce a useful result, but they differ slightly in nuance. ~ãĻã‚‚į„Ąé§„ã§ã™ directly emphasizes that an action is a waste of time or effort, while ~ãĻもしかたがありぞせん suggests that there is no point in doing something because the situation cannot be changed. In this context, åē—ã‚’å›žãŖãĻã‚‚į„Ąé§„ã§ã™ strongly emphasizes the uselessness of visiting more stores, whereas åē—ã‚’å›žãŖãĻもしかたがありぞせん conveys a more resigned attitude, suggesting that visiting additional stores would not help. Both are appropriate because the tickets are already sold out everywhere.

3. Review

Goal: Review and reinforce the grammar you learned.
Combine different exercise types to check your understanding and build confidence.

🔍 Find the Error

Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.

1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: äŋĄé ŧできる先čŧŠãŒä¸€įˇ’ãĢæĨãĻくれるぎで、åŋƒåŧˇã„です。
B: äēēはčĒ°ã§ã‚‚、間違えることがあるもぎです。
C: äŊŋわãĒい抟材は、ここãĢįŊŽã„ãĻもかぞいぞせん。
D: これは子䞛ãĢ向けぎæœŦです。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: これは子䞛向けぎæœŦです。
Explanation: The expression ~向け(むけ) is attached directly to a noun to indicate that something is intended or designed for a particular group or audience. Therefore, 子䞛向けぎæœŦ is the natural way to say "a book intended for children."

2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: こぎåē—ãĢは、厉くãĻãŠã„ã—ã„æ–™į†ãŒãŸãã•ã‚“ã‚ã‚Šãžã™。
B: 明æ—ĨãŽæœã¯å†ˇãˆã‚‹ãã†ãĒぎで、æš–ã‹ã„æœã‚’į€ãĻいきぞす。
C: 配達ぎ時間を変更したいんですが、äģŠã‹ã‚‰ã§ã‚‚できぞすか。
D: おåŽĸ様ãĢ寞する、丁寧ãĢčĒŦ明しãĻください。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: おåŽĸ様ãĢ寞しãĻ、丁寧ãĢčĒŦ明しãĻください。
Explanation: ~ãĢ寞しãĻ and ~ãĢ寞する both indicate that an action, attitude, or feeling is directed toward someone or something, but they have different grammatical functions. ~ãĢ寞しãĻ is used when the expression modifies a verb or describes how an action is performed, while ~ãĢ寞する must be followed by a noun. In this sentence, 丁寧ãĢčĒŦ明しãĻください describes the action of explaining politely, so おåŽĸ様ãĢ寞しãĻ is required. However, ~ãĢ寞する would be correct in a noun phrase such as おåŽĸ様ãĢ寞するčĒŦ明 ("an explanation directed toward customers").

3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: 三嚴ãļりãĢ地元ぎ友達ãĢäŧšã„ぞした。
B: こぎį”ēãĢåŧ•ãŖčļŠã—ãĻäģĨæĨãĢ、毎朝歊いãĻäŧšį¤žãĢé€šãŖãĻいぞす。
C: 大雨ぎåŊąéŸŋで、čˇį‰ŠãŽé…é”ãŒé…ã‚ŒãĻいぞす。
D: ã“ãŽãƒ™ãƒŗãƒãĢåē§ãŖãĻ、少しäŧ‘ãŋぞせんか。
Answer
B
Correct Sentence: こぎį”ēãĢåŧ•ãŖčļŠã—ãĻäģĨæĨ、毎朝歊いãĻäŧšį¤žãĢé€šãŖãĻいぞす。
Explanation: The expression ~ãĻäģĨæĨ(いらい) means "ever since" and is used to describe a situation or habit that has continued from a particular event in the past up to the present. It attaches directly to the ãĻ-form of a verb, without adding the particle ãĢ afterward. Be careful not to confuse ~ãĻäģĨæĨ with time expressions such as 三嚴ãļりãĢ, which naturally take ãĢ when modifying a verb.

4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?

Choices
A: äģŠåžŒãŽæ´ģ動ãĢåŋ…čρãĒ抟材を、å…¨å“Ąã§įĸēčĒã—ãžã—ãŸ。
B: 子䞛ぎころは、ã‚ˆãã“ãŽåˇã§æŗŗã„ã ã‚‚ãŽã§ã™。
C: åŧŸã¯、ã‚‚ã‚‰ãŖãŸã°ã‹ã‚ŠãŽãƒœãƒŧドを友達ãĢčĻ‹ã›ãĻいぞす。
D: ã“ãŽå†™įœŸã‚’čĻ‹ã‚‹ãŸãŗã‚’、åŽļæ—ã¨ãŽæ—…čĄŒã‚’æ€ã„å‡ēしぞす。
Answer
D
Correct Sentence: ã“ãŽå†™įœŸã‚’čĻ‹ã‚‹ãŸãŗãĢ、åŽļæ—ã¨ãŽæ—…čĄŒã‚’æ€ã„å‡ēしぞす。
Explanation: The expression ~ãŸãŗãĢ means "every time" or "whenever" and is used to describe something that happens repeatedly whenever a particular event occurs. It follows the dictionary form of a verb or a noun with ぎ, as in čĻ‹ã‚‹ãŸãŗãĢ ("every time I look") or æ—…čĄŒãŽãŸãŗãĢ ("every time I travel"). The particle ãĢ marks the occasion on which the repeated action or feeling occurs.

✅ Choice

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.

1: 兄はåŽģ嚴ぎ夏ãĢ地元をå‡ēãĻから、一åēĻã‚‚å¸°ãŖãĻいぞせんでした。ãĄã‚‡ã†ãŠä¸€åš´ãŸãŖãŸä슿—Ĩ、å¸°ãŖãĻきぞした。äģŠã¯åޟåŽļでåŽļæ—ã¨čŠąã—ãĻいぞす。 兄は(      )。

Choices
A: 一嚴間、原åŽļãĢäŊãŋįļšã‘ãĻいぞす
B: 地元ãĢ帰るぎは一嚴垌ぎäēˆåŽšã§ã™
C: 地元ãĢå¸°ã‚ŠãŸãŒãŖãĻいぞすが、ãžã å¸°ãŖãĻいぞせん
D: 一嚴ãļりãĢ地元ãĢå¸°ãŖãĻきぞした
Answer
D
Explanation: The expression ~ãļりãĢ indicates that an action happens again after a certain period of time. In 一嚴ãļりãĢ, it means "for the first time in a year." The passage explains that the older brother left his hometown last summer, did not return during the following year, and finally came back today. The verb å¸°ãŖãĻきぞした indicates that he has returned, which also matches the fact that he is now spending time with his family.

2: ä슿—Ĩã¯į”°ä¸­ã•ã‚“ãŒäŧšč­°ã‚’é€˛ã‚ã‚‹äēˆåŽšã§ã—ãŸãŒ、äŊ“čĒŋがæ‚ĒくãĻäŧ‘んでいぞす。そこで、åąąį”°ã•ã‚“ãŒį”°ä¸­ã•ã‚“ãŽäģ•äē‹ã‚’することãĢãĒりぞした。 åąąį”°ã•ã‚“ã¯、į”°ä¸­ã•ã‚“(      )。

Choices
A: ãĢ寞しãĻ、äŧšč­°ãŽé€˛ã‚æ–šã‚’教えぞす
B: ã¨ä¸€įˇ’ãĢ、äŧšč­°ã‚’é€˛ã‚ãžã™
C: ãĢ、äŧšč­°ã‚’é€˛ã‚ãĻもらいぞす
D: ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ、äŧšč­°ã‚’é€˛ã‚ãžã™
Answer
D
Explanation: The expression ~ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ(~ãĢäģŖã‚ãŖãĻ) means "in place of" or "on behalf of" and is used when someone takes over another person's role or responsibility. It attaches to a noun identifying the person being replaced. In this situation, Tanaka was supposed to lead the meeting but is absent because of illness, so Yamada takes over that responsibility.

3: こぎåē—はä슿—Ĩはäŧ‘ãŋで、中ãĢはčĒ°ã‚‚ã„ãžã›ã‚“。䏀᎒ãĢæĨた友達がドã‚ĸをたたこうとしãĻいるぎで、æ­ĸめぞす。 「čĒ°ã‚‚ã„ãĒいんだから、(      )。明æ—ĨぞたæĨぞしょう。」

Choices
A: åē—ぎäēēはドã‚ĸã‚’é–‹ã‘ãŸãŒãŖãĻいぞす
B: ドã‚ĸをたたいãĻãģしいです
C: åē—ぎäēēãĢドã‚ĸを開けãĻもらいぞしょう
D: ドã‚ĸをたたいãĻもしょうがãĒいです
Answer
D
Explanation: The expression ~ãĻもしょうがãĒい means "there is no point in" or "it is useless to" and is used when an action would not produce a useful result or change the situation. It follows the ãĻ-form of a verb plus も, as in たたいãĻもしょうがãĒい, meaning "there is no point in knocking." In this situation, the store is closed and nobody is inside, so knocking on the door would be pointless. The expression ~んだから emphasizes the reason for this conclusion, while 明æ—ĨぞたæĨぞしょう suggests returning another day instead.

4: åŧŸã¯ãžã ä¸€åēĻã‚‚čŠąįĢ大äŧšãĢčĄŒãŖãŸã“ã¨ãŒã‚ã‚Šãžã›ã‚“。äģŠåš´ã¯æ¯Žæ—Ĩ「é€Ŗã‚ŒãĻã„ãŖãĻ」ã¨č¨€ãŖãĻいぞす。 åŧŸã¯čŠąįĢ大äŧšãĢ(      )。

Choices
A: ã‚‚ã†čĄŒã‹ãĒくãĒãŖãŸ
B: čĄŒããŸããĒいようだ
C: čĄŒããŸãŒãŖãĻいる
D: ã‚ˆãčĄŒãŖãŸã‚‚ãŽã 
Answer
C
Explanation: The expression ~ãŸãŒãŖãĻいる is used to describe another person's desire based on their words, behavior, or other observable signs. It is formed by replacing ~たい with ~ãŸãŒãŖãĻいる, as in čĄŒããŸã„ → čĄŒããŸãŒãŖãĻいる ("wants to go"). In this passage, the younger brother has never attended a fireworks festival and repeatedly asks someone to take him, clearly showing his desire to go.

✏️ Correct

Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.

1: 明æ—ĨãŽčŠąįĢ大äŧšã¯äŊ•時からãĒãŖã‘。ä¸ƒæ™‚ã ãŖãŸã‹ãĒ。

Answer
明æ—ĨãŽčŠąįĢ大äŧšã¯äŊ•æ™‚ã‹ã‚‰ã ãŖã‘。ä¸ƒæ™‚ã ãŖãŸã‹ãĒ。
Explanation: The expression ~ã ãŖã‘ is used in casual Japanese when trying to recall information that has been forgotten or is uncertain. It commonly follows nouns and question expressions such as äŊ•æ™‚ã‹ã‚‰ã ãŖã‘ ("What time does it start again?").

2: åŽļčŗƒãŒåŽ‰ã„éƒ¨åą‹ã¯ã“ã“ã ã‘ãĒぎで、å°‘ã—į‹­ã„ãĻもしかたがありぞせん。

Answer
åŽļčŗƒãŒåŽ‰ã„éƒ¨åą‹ã¯ã“ã“ã ã‘ãĒぎで、å°‘ã—į‹­ããĻもしかたがありぞせん。
Explanation: The expression ~ãĻもしかたがãĒい means "it cannot be helped" or "there is no choice but to accept the situation." When attaching ~ãĻも to an い-adjective, the final い must be replaced with くãĻも, so į‹­ã„ becomes į‹­ããĻも.

3: 一äēēで全部はできãĒいよ。ぞだやり斚が分からãĒいだもん。

Answer
一äēēで全部はできãĒいよ。ぞだやり斚が分からãĒいもん。
Explanation: The sentence-ending expression ~もん is used in casual Japanese to give a reason, justification, or excuse, often with an emotional or slightly defensive tone. When it follows a verb in its plain form, it attaches directly without だ.

✏️ Rewrite

Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.

1: そぎčŗĒ問ãĢã¯į­”ãˆã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒいよ。į­”ãˆã‚’įŸĨらãĒいから。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~もん
Answer
そぎčŗĒ問ãĢã¯į­”ãˆã‚‰ã‚ŒãĒいよ。į­”ãˆã‚’įŸĨらãĒいもん。
Explanation: While 「から」 gives a straightforward and neutral reason, 「もん」 makes the explanation sound more personal and emotionally expressive. Here, 「įŸĨらãĒいもん」 suggests that the speaker is justifying why they cannot answer, possibly with a slightly defensive or pouty tone, as if saying “But I really don't know!” This expression is common in casual spoken Japanese and can sound playful, childish, or mildly insistent depending on the speaker's tone and context.

2: 兄は静かãĒ場所がåĨŊきãĒ一斚で、åŧŸã¯ãĢぎやかãĒ場所がåĨŊきです。

Rewrite the sentence using: ~ãĢ寞しãĻ
Answer
兄は静かãĒ場所がåĨŊきãĒぎãĢ寞しãĻ、åŧŸã¯ãĢぎやかãĒ場所がåĨŊきです。
Explanation: Both 「一斚で」 and 「ãĢ寞しãĻ」 can express a contrast between two situations, but they differ slightly in emphasis. 「一斚で」 presents two contrasting facts in a relatively neutral way, highlighting different sides of a situation. In contrast, 「ãĢ寞しãĻ」 emphasizes a more direct comparison between two subjects, making the difference between their preferences more explicit. Also, because 「åĨŊき」 is a ãĒ-adjective, it takes 「ãĒぎ」 before 「ãĢ寞しãĻ」. Both expressions are natural here, but 「ãĢ寞しãĻ」 gives the sentence a slightly more structured and comparative tone.

3: æœŦæ—Ĩは、į¤žé•ˇãŽäģŖį†ã¨ã—ãĻį§ãŒäģŠåžŒãŽæ—Ĩį¨‹ã‚’ã”æĄˆå†…ã—ãžã™。

Rewrite the sentence using: NãĢかわり
Answer
æœŦæ—Ĩは、į¤žé•ˇãĢã‹ã‚ã‚Šį§ãŒäģŠåžŒãŽæ—Ĩį¨‹ã‚’ã”æĄˆå†…ã—ãžã™。
Explanation: Both 「äģŖį†ã¨ã—ãĻ」 and 「ãĢかわり」 express the idea of acting on someone else's behalf, but they have slightly different nuances. 「äģŖį†ã¨ã—ãĻ」 emphasizes the speaker's role as an official representative or substitute, while 「ãĢかわり」 focuses more on performing an action in someone else's place. In this context, 「ãĢかわり」 sounds particularly natural and polished in formal announcements or business settings. Both expressions are polite and appropriate, but 「ãĢかわり」 is slightly more concise and places greater emphasis on the act of substituting for someone.

đŸ’Ŧ Complete the Dialogue

Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.

Complete the dialogue using: NãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ/ãĢかわり

Question 1:
A:先æ—Ĩ、åąąį”°ã•ã‚“ãĢį´šäģ‹ã—ãĻいただいた商品ぎäģļで、おé›ģčŠąã—ãžã—ãŸ。
B:åąąį”°ã¯æœŦæ—Ĩäŧ‘んでおりぞす。į§ã¯åŒã˜å•†å“ãŽé–‹į™ēを担åŊ“しãĻおりぞす。
A:そうですか。できれば、ä슿—Ĩ中ãĢčŠŗã—ã„å†…åŽšã‚’äŧēいたいぎですが。
B:____________

Suggested Answer
では、åąąį”°ãĢかわりぞしãĻ、į§ãŒã”čĒŦ明いたしぞす。
Explanation: In this business phone conversation, the caller wants detailed information about a product, but the employee they originally spoke with is absent. Since the other employee is also involved in developing the same product, it is natural for them to offer to provide the explanation instead. 「ãĢかわりぞしãĻ」 is a more polite form of 「ãĢã‹ã‚ãŖãĻ」 and indicates that someone is taking another person's place or performing a duty on their behalf. It fits especially well in professional situations where an employee steps in for an unavailable colleague. The humble expression 「ごčĒŦ明いたしぞす」 further reinforces the respectful tone, making the Suggested Answer a natural and appropriate way to respond to the caller's request.
Complete the dialogue using: ~もぎ/もん

Question 2:
A:そぎバッグ、気ãĢå…ĨãŖãĻたよね。č˛ˇã‚ãĒいぎ?
B:うん、ä슿—Ĩはやめる。
A:č˛ˇã†ãŸã‚ãĢ、わざわざここぞでæĨたぎãĢ?
B:____________

Suggested Answer
åŽļčŗƒã‚’æ‰•ãŖãŸã‚‰、お金がãģとんお掋らãĒã‹ãŖãŸã‚“ã ã‚‚ã‚“。
Explanation: In this casual conversation, A is surprised that B has decided not to buy the bag despite making a special trip to the store. The Suggested Answer fits naturally because B responds by giving a personal reason for changing their mind. The sentence-ending 「もん」 expresses an emotional justification, often suggesting that the speaker feels the need to defend or explain their decision. Unlike the more neutral 「から」, 「もん」 can convey a slightly pouty, frustrated, or insistent tone, as if the reason should be understandable to the listener. The combination 「んだもん」 makes the explanation sound even more personal and expressive, which works particularly well in an informal conversation between friends.
Complete the dialogue using: ~もぎ/もん

Question 3:
A:ã“ãŽã‘ã‚“įŽ‰、ã‚„ãŖãĻãŋãĻ。į°Ąå˜ã ã‚ˆ。
B:全į„ļできãĒいよ。
A:もうįĩ‚わり? į§ã¯ä¸€å›žã§ã§ããŸã‚ˆ。
B:____________

Suggested Answer
そんãĒã“ã¨č¨€ã‚ã‚ŒãĻも、į§ã¯åˆã‚ãĻãĒんだもん。
Explanation: In this casual conversation, A finds kendama easy and seems surprised that B wants to give up so quickly. The Suggested Answer fits naturally because B responds defensively to A's comparison, pointing out that this is their first time trying it. 「そんãĒã“ã¨č¨€ã‚ã‚ŒãĻも」 conveys mild frustration, suggesting that A's comment is unfair or unhelpful. The sentence-ending 「もん」 introduces an emotional justification, making B sound slightly pouty or defensive rather than simply stating a reason. The combination 「んだもん」 further emphasizes that B feels their lack of experience should be an understandable excuse. This makes the response especially appropriate for a friendly, informal exchange where the speaker feels a little embarrassed or pressured.
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AI-generated content
The dialogue, images, audio, and exercises on this page were generated with the help of artificial intelligence for Japanese study practice. All content has been reviewed, adapted, and organized.

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