Day N5 - 12 - Grammar Practice
Complementary Exercises: Daily N5 - Day 12
After reading the lesson text, practice the grammar points introduced in Day N5-12.
These exercises focus on recognizing mistakes, choosing correct patterns,
and producing your own sentences.
They are divided into three study sessions. Each session focuses on a different way of practicing the grammar learned in the shadowing lesson.
Grammar practiced:
✓ ใใฉ
✓ Plain form ใงใใใ
✓ V[ใ-form]ใใจใใใใพใ
1. Understand
Goal: Recognize and understand how the grammar is used.
Focus on identifying correct patterns and noticing common mistakes.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ไปๆฅใฏๆใ ใใฉ、ๆๆฅใฏไปไบใใใใพใ。
Explanation: ๆ is a na-adjective, but before the conjunction ใใฉ (“but”), you do not use the attributive ใช form. Instead, the plain form ใ is used, giving ๆใ ใใฉ. The form ๆใช is used when the adjective directly modifies a noun, as in ๆใชๆฅ (“a free day”).
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๆๆฅใฏ็ ้ขใธ่กใใชใใงใใใ。
Explanation: To make the negative form of the verb ่กใ (“to go”), you cannot simply add ใชใ to the dictionary form. Godan verbs such as ่กใ change their final -u sound to the corresponding -a sound before ใชใ, so ่กใ becomes ่กใใชใ.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆตทๅคใธ่กใฃใใใจใใใใพใ。
Explanation: The pattern 〜ใใใจใใใใพใ is used to talk about past experiences, so the verb before ใใจใใใใพใ must be in the past plain form.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆตทๅคใธๅบๅผตใซ่กใฃใใใจใใใใพใ。
Explanation: In the experience pattern 〜ใใใจใใใใพใ, ใใจ is followed by the subject marker ใ, not the object marker ใ.
✅ Choice
Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
Goal: Practice selecting the correct grammar form according to the context.
1: A:ใๅฅฝใฟ็ผใใ็ฅใฃใฆใใพใใ。 B:ใฏใ。็งใฏ( )。
ChoicesC
Explanation: The pattern verb in the past form + ใใจใใใใพใ is used to talk about past experiences, meaning that someone has done something before. Since the past form of ้ฃในใ is ้ฃในใ.
2: ๆๆฅใฏๅญฆๆ กใไผใฟใงใ。็ฅๆฅ( )ใ。
ChoicesA
Explanation: ใงใใใใ is a polite way to ask about something when the speaker is not completely certain, and with a noun it attaches directly without ใ , as in ็ฅๆฅใงใใใใ.
3: A:็คพ้ทใ็ฅใฃใฆใใพใใ。 B:ใใใ。็งใฏใพใ ็คพ้ทใซ( )。
ChoicesC
Explanation: The pattern verb in the past form + ใใจใใใใพใใ is used to say that someone has never had a certain experience.
4: ๆๆฅใฏๆ ็ป้คจใธ( )、ไปๆฅใฏ่กใใพใใ。
ChoicesA
Explanation: ใใฉ is used to connect two clauses that contrast with each other, and after a verb it follows the plain form directly, such as ่กใใใฉ. This works naturally here because the speaker contrasts going tomorrow with not going today.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๅฝผใฏใใๅผๅฝใ้ฃในใใ ใงใใใ。
ๅฝผใฏใใๅผๅฝใ้ฃในใใงใใใ。
Explanation: ใงใใใ can follow the plain past form of a verb directly, so ้ฃในใใงใใใ is correct. You should not add ใ between a verb and ใงใใใ; ใ is associated with nouns and na-adjectives in certain plain-form constructions, not with a verb that is already in the past form.
2: ๆจๆๆฅใฏๆใชใใฉ、้ๆๆฅใฏไปไบใใใใพใ。
ๆจๆๆฅใฏๆใ ใใฉ、้ๆๆฅใฏไปไบใใใใพใ。
Explanation: ๆ is a na-adjective, and when a na-adjective is followed by ใใฉ, you normally use ใ , as in ๆใ ใใฉ.
3: ใใฎใใใซใฏ็ถบ้บใ ใงใใใ。
ใใฎใใใซใฏ็ถบ้บใงใใใ。
Explanation: With na-adjectives, ใงใใใ follows the adjective directly, so ็ถบ้บใงใใใ is correct. Although ็ถบ้บใ is the plain affirmative form, the ใ is dropped before ใงใใใ.
2. Practice
Goal: Practice using the grammar in different situations.
Apply the grammar by correcting, transforming, and creating sentences.
๐ Find the Error
Identify the sentence that contains a grammar mistake or unnatural usage.
Goal: Train your ability to notice incorrect grammar patterns and avoid common mistakes.
1: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesD
Correct Sentence: ๆฅ้ฑ、ๅบๅผตใซ่กใใใฉ、ๆจๆๆฅใซๆปใใพใ。
Explanation: Before ใใฉ, a verb in the plain form is used directly, so ่กใใใฉ is correct.
2: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesA
Correct Sentence: ๆฅ้ฑใฎๆจๆๆฅใฏๆใงใใใ。
Explanation: When ใงใใใ follows a na-adjective, it attaches directly to the adjective stem.
3: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesC
Correct Sentence: ใใฎๅณๆธ้คจใงๅๅผทใใใใจใใใใพใ。
Explanation: The pattern 〜ใใใจใใใใพใ is used to talk about past experiences, and ใใใพใ is used because ใใจ refers to an experience or occurrence, not a living being. ใใพใ is generally used for the existence of people and animals.
4: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ใใฎใ่ๅญใฏ็พๅณใใใใฉ、ใกใใฃใจ้ซใใงใ。
Explanation: ็พๅณใใ is an i-adjective, so it can connect directly to ใใฉ without ใ .
5: Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
ChoicesB
Correct Sentence: ๅฐไธ้ใซไนใฃใใใจใใใใพใ。
Explanation: The pattern 〜ใใใจใใใใพใ is used to talk about past experiences, so the verb before ใใจใใใใพใ must be in the past plain form.
✏️ Correct
Find and fix the grammar mistake in the sentence.
Goal: Practice applying grammar rules and producing accurate Japanese sentences.
1: ๆๆฅใฏ็ฅๆฅใ ใงใใใ。
ๆๆฅใฏ็ฅๆฅใงใใใ。
Explanation: With nouns, ใงใใใ is attached directly to the noun.
2: ๆๆฅ、ๅฝผใฏๆฅใชใใ ใงใใใ。
ๆๆฅ、ๅฝผใฏๆฅใชใใงใใใ。
Explanation: With verbs, ใงใใใ follows the plain form directly, including negative forms such as ๆฅใชใ.
3: ใใฎใใใซใฏๅคงใใใชใใ ใใฉ、็ถบ้บใงใ。
ใใฎใใใซใฏๅคงใใใชใใใฉ、็ถบ้บใงใ。
Explanation: With i-adjectives, ใใฉ attaches directly to the plain form, including the negative form.
4: ใๅฅฝใฟ็ผใใ้ฃในใฆใใจใใใใพใ。
ใๅฅฝใฟ็ผใใ้ฃในใใใจใใใใพใ。
Explanation: To talk about having experienced something before, Japanese uses verb (plain past) + ใใจใใใใพใ, so the past form ้ฃในใ is required here.
5: ๆๆฅใฏๆ ็ป้คจใธ่กใใ ใใฉ、ไปๆฅใฏ่กใใพใใ。
ๆๆฅใฏๆ ็ป้คจใธ่กใใใฉ、ไปๆฅใฏ่กใใพใใ。
Explanation: With verbs, ใใฉ attaches directly to the plain form, so ่กใใใฉ is correct. You should not add ใ after a verb before ใใฉ; ใ ใใฉ is used with nouns and na-adjectives instead.
✏️ Rewrite
Rewrite the sentence using the given grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice expressing the same idea using different grammar structures.
1: ๆๆฅ、ๅ ฌๅใธ่กใใพใใ、ๅ้ใฏ่กใใพใใ。
ๆๆฅ、ๅ ฌๅใธ่กใใใฉ、ๅ้ใฏ่กใใพใใ。
Explanation: ใใฉ follows the plain form of a verb, so ่กใใพใ changes to ่กใ before it. Both ใ and ใใฉ can introduce a contrast, but ใใฉ is more common in casual conversation, while ใ tends to sound more neutral or polite. The second clause can still use polite ่กใใพใใ, although in fully casual speech ่กใใชใ would make the style more consistent.
2: ๅบๅผตใงใใฎใใใซใซๆณใพใใพใใ。
ๅบๅผตใงใใฎใใใซใซๆณใพใฃใใใจใใใใพใ。
Explanation: V[ใ-form]ใใจใใใใพใ is used to say that someone has had the experience of doing something at least once in the past. ๆณใพใใพใใ simply reports a specific past stay, while ๆณใพใฃใใใจใใใใพใ presents staying at that hotel as part of the speaker’s past experience, without focusing on exactly when it happened.
3: ใใฎใ่ๅญใฏ็พๅณใใใงใใ、ใกใใฃใจ้ซใใงใ。
ใใฎใ่ๅญใฏ็พๅณใใใใฉ、ใกใใฃใจ้ซใใงใ。
Explanation: ใใฉ can follow the plain form of an ใ-adjective directly, so ็พๅณใใใงใ becomes ็พๅณใใใใฉ. Like ใ, ใใฉ connects two contrasting ideas, but ใใฉ sounds more conversational and casual, while ใ is generally more neutral or polite.
4: ๆๆฅ、ๅฝผใฏๆฅใพใใ。
ๆๆฅ、ๅฝผใฏๆฅใชใใงใใใ。
Explanation: With ใงใใใ, the verb before it normally appears in the plain form, so ๆฅใพใใ changes to ๆฅใชใ. The original sentence directly states that he will not come, while ๆฅใชใใงใใใ means the speaker believes or expects that he probably will not come, making the statement less absolute.
5: ๅปๅนด、็ถใฏไผ็คพๅกใงใใใ、ไปๅนดใฏๅ ็ใงใ。
ๅปๅนด、็ถใฏไผ็คพๅกใ ใฃใใใฉ、ไปๅนดใฏๅ ็ใงใ。
Explanation: When ใใฉ follows a noun in the past tense, ใงใใ changes to the plain form ใ ใฃใ. Both ใ and ใใฉ can connect contrasting information, but ใใฉ is more conversational, while ใ sounds more neutral or formal.
๐ฌ Complete the Dialogue
Fill in the blank to complete the conversation using the proposed grammar pattern.
Goal: Practice applying specific grammar structures to construct natural responses in realistic conversation contexts.
Question 1:
A:ๅฝผใฏๅ
้ฑใใๆจๆฅใพใงๆฏๆฅๅใใฆใใพใใ。
B:ๆจๆฅใๅคใพใงไปไบใงใใ。
A:____________。
B:ใฏใ。ๅฝผใฏไปๆฅใฏไปไบใไผใฟใพใ。
ๅฝผใฏ็ฒใใฆใใใงใใใ。
Explanation: The speakers know that he worked every day for an extended period and even worked late the previous night, so there is enough evidence to make a reasonable guess about his condition. Suggested Answer: ๅฝผใฏ็ฒใใฆใใใงใใใ fits naturally because ใงใใใ is added after the plain form ็ฒใใฆใใ to express a conclusion that the speaker believes is probably true rather than stating it as a certain fact. The following response about him taking the day off also supports this assumption and makes the dialogue flow naturally.
Question 2:
A:ๆฅ้ฑ、ๅฐไธ้ใงๅ็ฉๅใธ่กใใพใ。
B:____________。
A:ใใใงใใ。ๅ็ฉๅใฏใฉใใงใใใ。
B:่ณใใใงใใ。
็งใๅฐไธ้ใงๅ็ฉๅใธ่กใฃใใใจใใใใพใ。
Explanation: Speaker B responds by mentioning a similar experience they have had before, which naturally leads Speaker A to ask what the zoo was like. Suggested Answer: ็งใๅฐไธ้ใงๅ็ฉๅใธ่กใฃใใใจใใใใพใ uses the V[ใ-form]ใใจใใใใพใ pattern to express past experience, meaning that the speaker has done something at least once before. The word ใ also connects B’s experience to A’s plan, making the dialogue sound smooth and appropriate for the target grammar.
Question 3:
A:ๆฅๆ、ใใฎใใใซใซๆณใพใใพใ。
B:ใใฎใใใซใฏ็ถบ้บใงใ。ใจใขใณใณใๅคงไธๅคซใงใ。
A:ๆฌๅฝใงใใ。
B:____________。
A:ใใใงใใ。ใใใฏ่ฏใใฃใใงใ。
ๅปๅนด、ใใฎใใใซใซๆณใพใฃใใใจใใใใพใ。
Explanation: Speaker B has already given specific information about the hotel, so mentioning a previous stay naturally explains how they know these details. Suggested Answer: ๅปๅนด、ใใฎใใใซใซๆณใพใฃใใใจใใใใพใ uses V[ใ-form]ใใจใใใใพใ to describe a past experience the speaker has had before. Adding ๅปๅนด makes the experience more concrete, while the following reaction shows that Speaker A feels reassured after learning that B has firsthand experience with the hotel.
Question 4:
A:ๆฅๆใฏๅๆใงใใญ。
B:____________。
A:ใงใฏ、ๆฅๆ、ๅ
ฌๅใธ่กใใพใใใ。
ๅ ฌๅใฏๆกใ็ถบ้บใงใใใ。
Explanation: Since the speakers are talking about April, Speaker B makes a reasonable prediction about what the park will be like during that season. Suggested Answer: ๅ ฌๅใฏๆกใ็ถบ้บใงใใใ uses ใงใใใ after the plain-form predicate ็ถบ้บใ , with ใ omitted before ใงใใใ, to express something the speaker expects to be true. This prediction also gives Speaker A a natural reason to suggest going to the park next month.
Question 5:
A:ไปๆฅ、ๅ
ฌๅใงๅผๅฝใ้ฃในใพใใใ。
B:____________。
A:ใใใงใใ。ใงใฏ、้ฃๅ ใง้ฃในใพใใใ。
ๅผๅฝใฏใใใพใใใฉ、ไปๆฅใฏๅฏใใงใใญ。
Explanation: Speaker B first indicates that bringing or having lunch is not the problem, then uses ใใฉ to introduce a contrasting concern about the weather. Suggested Answer: ๅผๅฝใฏใใใพใใใฉ、ไปๆฅใฏๅฏใใงใใญ fits the dialogue because ใใฉ connects two contrasting ideas in a soft and conversational way, and the comment about the cold gives Speaker A a clear reason to suggest eating indoors instead.
Extra - Verb Conjugation
Goal: Review and strengthen your understanding of Japanese verb conjugation.
Practice forming verb conjugations directly and using them correctly in context.
๐ Direct Conjugation
Conjugate the verb into the specified form.
Goal: Practice recalling and producing verb conjugations accurately without relying on sentence context.
Question 1:
Verb: ๆณจๆใใ
ๆณจๆใใพใใ
Question 2:
Verb: ไผใ
ไผใฃใฆ
Question 3:
Verb: ๆฅใ
ๆฅใ
Question 4:
Verb: ๅบๅผตใใ
ๅบๅผตใใชใ
Question 5:
Verb: ่กใ
่กใฃใ
๐งฉ Conjugation in Context
Conjugate the verb into the form that best fits the context.
Goal: Practice recognizing which conjugation is required by the sentence and using it naturally in context.
1: ใใฎใ่ๅญใ( )ๅพใง、็็ฒใๆณจๆใใพใใ。
้ฃในใ
2: ๅปๅนด、ๆตทๅคใธ( )ใใจใใใใพใ。
ๅบๅผตใใ
3: ๆฅ้ฑ、ๆตทๅคใธ( )ใใใงใ。
ๅบๅผตใ
4: ๆฅใฏๅ ฌๅใง้ณๆฅฝใ( )ใใใงใ。
่ใ
5: ไปๆฅใฏๆใงใใใฉ、ๅ้ใฏไปไบใ( )ใใพใ。
ใใฆ
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